{"slug": "moesia", "label": "Moesia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moesia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199499", "qid": "Q199499", "description": "historical region of the Balkans", "entries": 37, "years": 37, "span": [6, 971], "span_label": ["6 CE", "971 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 21}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 7}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "goths", "label": "Goths", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "balkans", "label": "Balkans", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ostrogoths", "label": "Ostrogoths", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "thrace-theme", "label": "Thrace (theme)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "dobruja", "label": "Dobruja", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pannonia", "label": "Pannonia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "illyricum-roman-province", "label": "Illyricum (Roman province)", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "theodoric-the-great", "label": "Theodoric the Great", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 6, "year_label": "6 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "AD 6 – Iudaea and Moesia become Roman provinces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Roman_Empire", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 15, "year_label": "15 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Varna (Odessus), on the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, is annexed to the Roman province of Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Roman_Empire", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 15 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 46, "year_label": "46 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Dobruja is annexed into Roman Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373289291#AD_46", "title": "40s", "revid": 1373289291, "section": "Timeline › AD 46"}}, {"year": 69, "year_label": "69 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Danubian legions of Raetia and Moesia proclaim Vespasian as emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367882081#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 69", "revid": 1367882081, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 85, "year_label": "85 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Domitian repulses a Dacian invasion of Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368048857#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 85", "revid": 1368048857, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 169, "year_label": "169 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcomannic Wars: Germanic tribes invade the frontiers of the Roman Empire, specifically the provinces of Raetia and Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371302818#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 169", "revid": 1371302818, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 238, "year_label": "238 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maximinus Thrax campaigns against the Carpians on the Danube in Moesia (Balkans). In spite of the payment of a tribute, the Romans fail to persuade the Goths and the Germanic tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227244#Roman_Empire", "title": "238", "revid": 1371227244, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 248, "year_label": "248 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The revolts of Pacatianus in Moesia and Iotapianus in Syria are put down by Senator Trajan Decius, by order of Emperor Philip the Arab.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189423#Roman_Empire", "title": "248", "revid": 1371189423, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 249, "year_label": "249 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Trajan Decius puts down a revolt in Moesia and Pannonia. Loyal legionaries proclaim him emperor, and he leads them into Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371227182#Roman_Empire", "title": "249", "revid": 1371227182, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 250, "year_label": "250 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Goths under King Cniva invade Moesia. They cross the Danube and lay siege to Novae and Marcianopolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371187135#Roman_Empire", "title": "250", "revid": 1371187135, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 251, "year_label": "251 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Battle of Abritus: The Goths defeat Emperor Decius and his son Herennius Etruscus, on swampy ground in the Dobruja (Moesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188077#Roman_Empire", "title": "251", "revid": 1371188077, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 253, "year_label": "253 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aemilianus is murdered at Spoletium and Publius Valerianus, age 60, is recognised as the new emperor by the Rhine legions. He gives his son Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus the title Augustus. Valerianus I dispatches him to the Danube where the Goths have violated the treaty signed with Rome and invaded Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188254#Roman_Empire", "title": "253", "revid": 1371188254, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Gothic invasion: The Goths, originally from Scandinavia, with the Sarmatians (from modern Iran), invade the Balkans and Greece. They ravage Moesia and Thrace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Roman_Empire", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 277, "year_label": "277 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Probus travels with his army west across the Sea of Marmara (Turkey), and through the provinces of Thrace, Moesia, and Pannonia to defeat the Goths along the lower Danube. He acquires from the troops the title of Gothicus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077895#Roman_Empire", "title": "277", "revid": 1267077895, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 297, "year_label": "297 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Diocletian watches over the Syrian provinces while Caesar Galerius makes preparations for a campaign against the Persian king Narseh. He recruits veterans from Illyria and Moesia, recruits new soldiers, and strengthens his army with Gothic mercenaries and the Armenian units of Tiridates III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349992933#Roman_Empire", "title": "297", "revid": 1349992933, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 332, "year_label": "332 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Constantine I and his son Constantine II, aged 16, defeat the Goths in Moesia. The Goths become Roman allies and protect the Danube frontier.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332406433#Roman_Empire", "title": "332", "revid": 1332406433, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 348, "year_label": "348 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Wulfila escapes religious persecution by the Gothic chieftain Athanaric, obtains permission from Constantius II to migrate with his flock of converts to Moesia, and settles near Nicopolis ad Istrum (Bulgaria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367114391#Europe", "title": "348", "revid": 1367114391, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 376, "year_label": "376 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Emperor Valens permits the Visigothic chieftain Fritigern and his people to cross the Danube from Thrace (later Romania), and settle on Roman soil in Lower Moesia, on the condition that they provide soldiers to the legions. The Visigoths embark by troops on boats and rafts, and canoes made from hollowed tree trunks. The river is swollen by frequent rains; a large number try to swim and are drowned in their struggle against the force of the stream.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204893#Roman_Empire", "title": "376", "revid": 1349204893, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 377, "year_label": "377 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Gothic War: Famine in Lower Moesia (occupied by the Goths) takes a fearsome toll. Fritigern and his followers appeal for help, but the governors Lupicinus and Maximus regard them as second-class citizens. Little help is forthcoming, and thousands starve to death. The pressure on the Roman frontier is still severe, with the Taifali and other hostile bands of Goths on the Danube. In addition, groups of Huns and Alans have also moved up to the river.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367313593#Roman_Empire", "title": "377", "revid": 1367313593, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 382, "year_label": "382 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – Emperor Theodosius I commands his general Saturninus to conclude a peace treaty with the Visigoths, allowing them to settle south of the Danube. They are installed as foederati in Moesia and Thrace with the title of \"Allies of the Roman People\", in exchange for furnishing a contingent of auxiliary troops to defend the borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370628973#Roman_Empire", "title": "382", "revid": 1370628973, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 383, "year_label": "383 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "By the order of Theodosius I, Eunomius of Cyzicus is banished to Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205021#Religion", "title": "AD 383", "revid": 1349205021, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 440, "year_label": "440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns under Attila reappear in force, along the frontier of the Western Roman Empire. They attack merchants on the north bank of the Danube and cities in Illyricum, including (according to Priscus) Viminacium, city of Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748079#Europe", "title": "440", "revid": 1364748079, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 447, "year_label": "447 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Utus: Attila defeats the Roman army near the river Utus (Vit, Bulgaria). The Huns are forced to abandon the siege of Constantinople. They march north and plunder the defenseless Balkan provinces (including Thrace, Scythia, Moesia, Dacia and Illyricum).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367502819#Byzantium", "title": "447", "revid": 1367502819, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantium"}}, {"year": 471, "year_label": "471 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Theodoric the Great, age 17, succeeds his father Theodemir as king of the Ostrogoths, settling his people in lower Moesia (Balkans).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365043260#Europe", "title": "471", "revid": 1365043260, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 473, "year_label": "473 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The Ostrogoths leave Pannonia, and migrate to Macedonia and Moesia, from whence they ravage the Balkans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747615#Balkans", "title": "473", "revid": 1364747615, "section": "Events › By place › Balkans"}}, {"year": 479, "year_label": "479 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Theodoric the Great starts a 4-year campaign against the Byzantine Empire. The Ostrogoths ravage the Roman provinces (Moesia and Thrace), and threaten the capital of Constantinople itself.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360119770#Europe", "title": "479", "revid": 1360119770, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 514, "year_label": "514 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Vitalian accepts the receipt of ransom money and gifts worth 5,000 pounds of gold for the release of Hypatius, a nephew of Anastasius I who has been a prisoner since the attack at Acris (see 513). Vitalian retreats back to Lower Moesia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364908338#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "514", "revid": 1364908338, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 518, "year_label": "518 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "An earthquake destroys the city of Scupi (modern-day Skopje, North Macedonia), in what once was the Roman province of Moesia Superior.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754317#Balkans", "title": "518", "revid": 1364754317, "section": "Events › By place › Balkans"}}, {"year": 528, "year_label": "528 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Justin, Byzantine general (magister militum), dies in battle against the Bulgars on the frontier of the Danubian limes in Moesia. He is succeeded by Constantiolus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340793729#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "528", "revid": 1340793729, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 566, "year_label": "566 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A Byzantine army, under command of Baduarius, assists the Gepids in their war against the Lombards. The Byzantines win the first battle in the lower Danube (Moesia), but Gepid King Cunimund refuses to hand back the fortress city of Sirmium (modern Serbia), as he had promised.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749385#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "566", "revid": 1364749385, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Maurice decides to end the annual tribute to the Avars, a mounted people who have swept across Russia and threatened the Balkan Peninsula. They capture the cities of Singidunum (modern Belgrade) and Viminacium (Moesia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 594, "year_label": "594 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Balkan Campaign: The Slavs invade the Byzantine provinces of Moesia and Macedonia again; during their pillaging the towns of Aquis, Scupi and Zaldapa in Dobruja are destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364756331#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "594", "revid": 1364756331, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 599, "year_label": "599 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Balkan Campaign: The Byzantine generals Priscus and Comentiolus join their forces at Singidunum (modern Belgrade), and move downstream to the fortress city of Viminacium (Serbia). The Byzantines cross the Danube River and invade Upper Moesia, where they defeat the Avars in open battle.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752063#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "599", "revid": 1364752063, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 668, "year_label": "668 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Asparukh, leader of the Utigurs, leaves the Ongal area to Kotrag, and leads his people into Moesia in Northern Bulgaria (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805218#Europe", "title": "668", "revid": 1340805218, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 681, "year_label": "681 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Bulgarian War: Emperor Constantine IV is forced to acknowledge the Bulgar state in Moesia, and to pay protection money to avoid further inroads into Byzantine Thrace. Consequently, Constantine creates the Theme of Thrace of the Byzantine Empire (located in the south-eastern Balkans).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367426529#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "681", "revid": 1367426529, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 943, "year_label": "943 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Allied with the Rus', a Hungarian army raids Moesia and Thrace. Emperor Romanos I buys peace, and accepts to pay a yearly tribute (protection money) to the Hungarians. His frontiers now 'protected' on the Balkan Peninsula, Romanos sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (80,000 men) led by general John Kourkouas (his commander-in-chief) to invade northern Mesopotamia (modern Iraq).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364916983#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "943", "revid": 1364916983, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 971, "year_label": "971 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "John I returns in triumph to Constantinople. He brings along Boris II, ruler (tsar) of the Bulgarian Empire, and his family, together with the contents of the Bulgarian imperial treasury. Boris is given the Byzantine 'court title' of magistros as compensation. The Bulgarian lands in Thrace and Lower Moesia become part of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918921#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "971", "revid": 1364918921, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}