{"slug": "monaco", "label": "Monaco", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaco", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235", "qid": "Q235", "description": "microstate in Western Europe", "entries": 13, "years": 12, "span": [1297, 2022], "span_label": ["1297 CE", "2022 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-xiii", "label": "Louis XIII", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "switzerland", "label": "Switzerland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "south-korea", "label": "South Korea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "singapore", "label": "Singapore", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – Guelph forces, led by the Genoese leader François Grimaldi (il Malizia), storm and capture the Rock of Monaco. François, disguised as a Franciscan friar, gains entry to the city, and opens the gates for his soldiers. He seizes the castle with his stepson Rainier I, an event that is commemorated on the coat of arms of Monaco. Rainier becomes the first sovereign ruler of the House of Grimaldi in Monaco; he rules initially until 1301, but the family will be ruling there into the 21st century.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#Europe", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Republic of Genoa regains control of Monaco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Date_unknown", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – The Republic of Genoa resumes control of Monaco, deposing Louis Grimaldi. Genoese control lasts for more than 16 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#October–December", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1524, "year_label": "1524 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 – The Treaty of Tordesillas is signed between representatives of Honoré I, Lord of Monaco and of King Charles of Spain, and places Monaco under the protection of Spain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368819061#October–December", "title": "1524", "revid": 1368819061, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1540, "year_label": "1540 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – Honoré I, Lord of Monaco reaches the age of 19 and after the future principality of Monaco had been administered by regents for more than 18 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494590#October–December", "title": "1540", "revid": 1366494590, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1641, "year_label": "1641 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – The Treaty of Péronne is signed between Honoré II, Prince of Monaco and France's King Louis XIII, guaranteeing the Grimaldi family the right to rule Monaco in return for the principality becoming a French protectorate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343658448#July–September", "title": "1641", "revid": 1343658448, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1731, "year_label": "1731 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "December 29", "text": "December 29 – Jacques Grimaldi, the husband of the reigning monarch of Monaco, Louise Hippolyte, succeeds to the throne after Louise's death from smallpox. Jacques I rules until his own death in 1751.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560841#October–December", "title": "1731", "revid": 1369560841, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1814, "year_label": "1814 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – The occupation of Monaco changes from French to Austrian hands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360305709#April–June", "title": "1814", "revid": 1360305709, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14–18 – The first International Criminal Police Congress is held in Monaco; 24 countries are represented, including some from Asia, Europe, and the Americas; the Dean of the Paris Law School is president.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#April", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Louis Honoré Charles Antoine Grimaldi becomes Reigning Prince Louis II of Monaco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#June", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Princess Charlotte Louise Juliette Louvet Grimaldi of Monaco, heir to the throne, resigns in favor of her son Prince Rainier Louis Henri Maxence Bertrand Grimaldi, who later reigns as Prince Rainier III of Monaco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#May", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – The Confédération Mondiale des Activités Subaquatiques is founded in Monaco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#January", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2022, "year_label": "2022 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – 2022 Russian financial crisis: In an unprecedented move, Switzerland, Monaco, Singapore and South Korea impose unilateral sanctions over Russia including the introduction of export controls and asset freezes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371998228#February", "title": "2022", "revid": 1371998228, "section": "Events › February"}}]}