{"slug": "monasticism", "label": "Monasticism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monasticism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148836", "qid": "Q148836", "description": "religious way of life", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [356, 1111], "span_label": ["356 CE", "1111 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 11}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "buddhism", "label": "Buddhism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "northern-wei", "label": "Northern Wei", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bhikkhu", "label": "Bhikkhu", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "confucianism", "label": "Confucianism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "monastery", "label": "Monastery", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "theology", "label": "Theology", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "marseille", "label": "Marseille", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-burgundy", "label": "Kingdom of Burgundy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "columbanus", "label": "Columbanus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-northumbria", "label": "Kingdom of Northumbria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christians", "label": "Christians", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 356, "year_label": "356 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Anthony the Great (pictured) dies at his hermitage near the Red Sea in mid-January at age 105 (approximate), having preached against Arianism, and having tried to codify guidelines for monastic life. His followers subsequently establish the Monastery of Saint Anthony, beginning the tradition of Coptic monasticism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369161915#Religion", "title": "356", "revid": 1369161915, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 390, "year_label": "390 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Diodorus of Tarsus, bishop and monastic reformer", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355430318#Deaths", "title": "390", "revid": 1355430318, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 391, "year_label": "391 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Macarius of Egypt, Christian monk and hermit", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327980191#Deaths", "title": "391", "revid": 1327980191, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 410, "year_label": "410 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Honoratus founds the Monastery of Lérins on the île Saint-Honorat (France), and forms a monastic community.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367642022#Religion", "title": "410", "revid": 1367642022, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 415, "year_label": "415 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "John Cassian, Christian theologian, settles at a monastery in Marseille (Gaul); he organizes monastic communities after an eastern model.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367501934#Religion", "title": "415", "revid": 1367501934, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 446, "year_label": "446 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Three Disasters of Wu: The Northern Wei dynasty begins persecuting Buddhists, having heretofore encouraged them. The drain of manpower and tax money to temples and monasteries has threatened the secular government, and the reaction is fierce: monks and nuns are murdered, temples and icons destroyed. All men under age 50 are prohibited from joining any monastic order in a program that will continue until 450, helping the Confucianist philosophy of the Han dynasty to gain dominance over Buddhism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739578#China", "title": "446", "revid": 1364739578, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 480, "year_label": "480 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Benedict of Nursia, monasticist (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739995#Births", "title": "480", "revid": 1364739995, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 610, "year_label": "610 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Boniface IV presides over a Council of Rome for the restoration of monastic discipline. Attendees include Mellitus, first bishop of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795500#Religion", "title": "610", "revid": 1368795500, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 627, "year_label": "627 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Fourth Council of Mâcon: A council of Christian bishops approves the Monastic Rule of Saint Columbanus in the city of Mâcon (Burgundy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346712156#Religion", "title": "627", "revid": 1346712156, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 642, "year_label": "642 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A monastic settlement is founded in Hampshire (England) which later becomes Winchester Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634849#Religion", "title": "642", "revid": 1367634849, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 647, "year_label": "647 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Hilda of Whitby, age 33, is persuaded by Aidan, bishop of Lindisfarne, to enter the monastic life at Hartlepool Abbey (Northumbria).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804471#Religion", "title": "647", "revid": 1340804471, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 816, "year_label": "816 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Synod of Aachen: Louis the Pious calls for a council about the regulations (Institutio canonicorum Aquisgranensis) for monastic life in the Frankish Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941190#Religion", "title": "816", "revid": 1340941190, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 817, "year_label": "817 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Synod of Aachen: The council adopts a capitulare monasticum, containing the Benedictine rules of monastic life in the Frankish realm.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204806#Religion", "title": "817", "revid": 1349204806, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 884, "year_label": "884 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Fall – The Arabs sack the abbey of Monte Cassino in two raids (September and November). The bulk of the monastic community flee to Teano (Campania).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654158#Arabian_Empire", "title": "884", "revid": 1366654158, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 995, "year_label": "995 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Uhtred (the Bold), a son of Ealdorman Waltheof I of Northumbria, establishes an episcopal see at Durham and moves the monastic community of Chester-le-Street there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360634539#England", "title": "995", "revid": 1360634539, "section": "Events › Europe › England"}}, {"year": 1111, "year_label": "1111 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Synod of Rathbreasail marks the transition of the Irish church from a monastic to a diocesan structure.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268639#Religion", "title": "1111", "revid": 1365268639, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}]}