{"slug": "mongolia", "label": "Mongolia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mongolia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q711", "qid": "Q711", "description": "country in East Asia", "entries": 22, "years": 21, "span": [-86, 1956], "span_label": ["87 BCE", "1956 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 9}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "qing-dynasty", "label": "Qing dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "khitan-people", "label": "Khitan people", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "yuan-dynasty", "label": "Yuan dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "han-dynasty", "label": "Han dynasty", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "korea", "label": "Korea", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vietnam", "label": "Vietnam", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "emperor-wu-of-han", "label": "Emperor Wu of Han", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kyrgyzstan", "label": "Kyrgyzstan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nestorianism", "label": "Nestorianism", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -86, "year_label": "87 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Emperor Wu of Han dies after a 54-year reign in which he leads the Han dynasty (China) through its greatest expansion. The Empire's borders span from modern Kyrgyzstan in the west, to Mongolia in the north, to Korea in the east, and to northern Vietnam in the south.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1324423424#China", "title": "87 BC", "revid": 1324423424, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 93, "year_label": "93 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Xianbei incorporates 100,000 Xiongnu, and establishes the Xianbei State in Mongolia (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330324282#Asia", "title": "AD 93", "revid": 1330324282, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 286, "year_label": "286 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Tuoba Xilu, chieftain of the Tuoba clan (modern Mongolia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554179#Deaths", "title": "286", "revid": 1326554179, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 414, "year_label": "414 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Yujiulü Hulü, ruler of the Rouran Khaganate (Mongolia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865369#Deaths", "title": "414", "revid": 1346865369, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 508, "year_label": "508 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Yujiulü Futu, ruler (khan) of the Rouran (Mongolia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907761#Deaths", "title": "508", "revid": 1364907761, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Xuan Zong makes his general Xue Ne de facto chancellor and commissions him, with a Chinese army (60,000 men), to attack the Khitans (Mongolia). Xue falls into a Khitan trap and the Tang forces are crushed, at an 80-90% casualty rate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#China", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › China"}}, {"year": 745, "year_label": "745 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The newly founded Uyghur Empire controls most of the former Turkic Empire territory, creating an empire that extends from Lake Balkash (modern Kazakhstan) to Lake Baikal (Mongolia), and is subject to Chinese suzerainty (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906475#Asia", "title": "745", "revid": 1364906475, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 840, "year_label": "840 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Yenisei Kirghiz settle along the Yenisei River, and sack with a force of around 80,000 horsemen the Uyghur capital, Ordu-Baliq (driving the Uyghurs out of Mongolia). This ends the Uyghur Khaganate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367666598#Asia", "title": "840", "revid": 1367666598, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1003, "year_label": "1003 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Sheng Zong of the Khitan-led Liao Dynasty leads an expedition into Mongolia and subdues the Zubu tribe who are forced to pay an annual tribute.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369535158#Asia", "title": "1003", "revid": 1369535158, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1007, "year_label": "1007 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Keraites, a Turco-Mongolian tribe, are converted to Nestorianism (a sect of Christianity).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910071#Religion", "title": "1007", "revid": 1341910071, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Mongol army under Muqali (or Mukhali) attacks Hebei Province, as well as Shandong Province and Shaanxi Province (controlled by the Jin Dynasty). He returns to Genghis Khan's camp in Mongolia, and receives the hereditary of prince with the title \"Grand Preceptor of the Empire\", a golden seal, and a white standard with nine tails and a black crescent in the middle. He is appointed as commander-in-chief of operations in North China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Asia", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Events › Other events by place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1351, "year_label": "1351 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Red Turban Rebellions break out in China, leading to permanent weakening of the Mongolian-run Yuan dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275601006#Date_unknown", "title": "1351", "revid": 1275601006, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür succeeds his father, Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara, as ruler of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#April–June", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1388, "year_label": "1388 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – At the Battle of Buyur Lake, an invasion force from Ming dynasty China, under General Lan Yu defeats a large Mongolian army led by Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür, and captures 100 members of the Northern Yuan Dynasty. Uskhal Khan will be killed later while trying to escape. The invading Chinese army destroys Karakorum, the capital of the Mongol Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360557860#April–June", "title": "1388", "revid": 1360557860, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1388, "year_label": "1388 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 18", "text": "November 18 – Uskhal Khan Tögüs Temür, the Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty in Mongolia, is killed by the Ming Chinese General Jorightu Khan Yesüder , who becomes the new Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360557860#October–December", "title": "1388", "revid": 1360557860, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1452, "year_label": "1452 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 19", "text": "January 19 – In Mongolia, Taisun Khan, the reigning khagan of the Northern Yuan dynasty, is killed while fleeing after a defeat at Turfan in a war with Esen Taishi. Taisun's younger brother, Agbarjin, becomes the new khagan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355060030#January–March", "title": "1452", "revid": 1355060030, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1691, "year_label": "1691 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Khalkha submit to the Manchu invaders, bringing most of modern-day Mongolia under the rule of the Qing Dynasty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356137934#Date_unknown", "title": "1691", "revid": 1356137934, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 24", "text": "July 24 – The 1905 Bolnai earthquake (8.4 magnitude) strikes Mongolia, the second-largest on record here.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#July", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 1", "text": "December 1 – Outer Mongolia, the predecessor of modern-day Mongolia, is declared independent from the Chinese Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#December", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Occupation of Mongolia: The Russian White Army captures Mongolia from China; Roman von Ungern-Sternberg declares himself ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#March", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1939, "year_label": "1939 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – A ceasefire ends the Battles of Khalkhin Gol, the undeclared border war between the Soviet Union (and Mongolian allies) and Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372426050#September", "title": "1939", "revid": 1372426050, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1956, "year_label": "1956 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – Vyacheslav Molotov resigns as foreign minister of the Soviet Union; he later becomes ambassador to Mongolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022627#June", "title": "1956", "revid": 1370022627, "section": "Events › June"}}]}