{"slug": "montenegro", "label": "Montenegro", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montenegro", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q236", "qid": "Q236", "description": "country in southeastern Europe", "entries": 13, "years": 13, "span": [1077, 2017], "span_label": ["1077 CE", "2017 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 6}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "albania", "label": "Albania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "romania", "label": "Romania", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "serbia", "label": "Serbia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "venetian-republic", "label": "Venetian Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "socialist-federal-republic-of-yugoslavia", "label": "Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nato", "label": "NATO", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-savoy", "label": "Duchy of Savoy", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1077, "year_label": "1077 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Mihailo I is given the title \"King of the Slavs\" by Gregory VII. He becomes the first recognized ruler of the kingdom of Duklja (modern Montenegro).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303472978#Europe", "title": "1077", "revid": 1303472978, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 13", "text": "January 13 – Balša II succeeds his brother, Durađ I, as ruler of Lower Zeta in what is now Montenegro.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#January–March", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April", "text": "April – Balša III succeeds his father Đurađ II as ruler of the Principality of Zeta (now Montenegro).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#April–June", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1413, "year_label": "1413 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – The First Scutari War between the Kingdom of Zeta (part of modern-day Albania and Montenegro) and the Venetian Republic comes to an end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357114633#January–March", "title": "1413", "revid": 1357114633, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – The siege of Castelnuovo (now the town of Herceg Novi in Montenegro) is started by General Hayreddin Barbarossa, leader of the Ottoman Empire's Army, after the Spanish commanding officer, Francisco de Sarmiento, rejects an offer of honorable surrender with safe passage. Spain had taken the city in war from the Ottomans in 1538, giving the Christian Europeans control of the eastern Mediterranean sea and access to the Holy Land. With 50,000 Ottomans against less than 4,000 Spanish defenders, Castelnuovo falls in less than three weeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#July–September", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – At the Morača monastery in Kolašin, in what is now the nation of Montenegro, Patriarch Jovan Kantul assembles the rebel leaders of Montenegro and Herzegovina. The group agrees with a representative of the Duchy of Savoy to deliver Duke Charles Emmanuel I a monarchy within the Balkans, in return for special privileges to the Serbian Orthodox Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#October–December", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 17", "text": "October 17 – Šćepan Mali, nicknamed \"Stephen the Little\", is selected as the legislature at Podgorica to be the Tsar of Montenegro, representing \"a short but an important break in the succession of the Petrovic dynasty\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#October_–December", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › October –December"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 28", "text": "April 28–May 1 – Battle of Grahovac: The Ottomans are decisively defeated by Montenegrin forces. The Bawani Imli massacre, (April 28) where 52 Indian freedom fighters were hanged to death on a tamarind tree by British colonial forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#April–June", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 2", "text": "July 2 – Montenegro declares war on the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#July", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – The Treaty of Berlin makes Serbia, Montenegro and Romania completely independent, confirms the autonomy of Bulgaria, makes Cyprus a British possession, and allows Austria-Hungary to garrison the Bosnia Vilayet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365252865#July", "title": "1878", "revid": 1365252865, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – 1979 Montenegro earthquake: A 6.9 shock affects Montenegro (then part of Yugoslavia) and parts of Albania, causing extensive damage to coastal areas and taking 136 lives; the old town of Budva is devastated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#April", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – Montenegro adopts a new constitution, which among other things changes the country's official name from \"Republic of Montenegro\" to \"Montenegro\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#October", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 2017, "year_label": "2017 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 5", "text": "June 5 – Montenegro joins NATO as the 29th member.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371948773#June", "title": "2017", "revid": 1371948773, "section": "Events › June"}}]}