{"slug": "muhammad-ii-of-granada", "label": "Muhammad II of Granada", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_II_of_Granada", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q972278", "qid": "Q972278", "description": "13th-century Emir of Granada", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [1273, 1302], "span_label": ["1273 CE", "1302 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "emirate-of-granada", "label": "Emirate of Granada", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-castile", "label": "Kingdom of Castile", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "sancho-iv-of-castile", "label": "Sancho IV of Castile", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "spain", "label": "Spain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "tarifa", "label": "Tarifa", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "alfonso-x-of-castile", "label": "Alfonso X of Castile", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "james-ii-of-aragon", "label": "James II of Aragon", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "abu-yusuf-yaqub-ibn-abd-al-haqq", "label": "Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "al-andalus", "label": "Al-Andalus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "granada", "label": "Granada", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "malaga", "label": "Málaga", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ceuta", "label": "Ceuta", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1273, "year_label": "1273 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – Sultan Muhammad I (or Ibn al-Ahmar) suffers fatal injuries after falling from his horse near the city of Granada during a minor military expedition. He is succeeded by his son Muhammad II, who becomes ruler of the Emirate of Granada. Muhammad enters negotiations with King Alfonso X (\"the Wise\") to make peace with Castile, but he refuses to grant a truce to the Banu governors (arraeces) of Málaga and Guadix in Andalusia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364847849#Europe", "title": "1273", "revid": 1364847849, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – Marinid forces led by Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq land in Spain upon a call from Muhammad II, ruler of Granada. With a fleet of 20 ships organized at Ceuta, some 5,000 men are transported from Alcázar Seguir to Tarifa without meeting any significant Christian opposition. The Maranids raid as far as the towns of Vejer de la Frontera and Jerez.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#Europe", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1276, "year_label": "1276 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sultan Abu Yusuf Yaqub ibn Abd al-Haqq and Muhammad II, ruler of Granada, agree to a truce with King Alfonso X of Castile (\"the Wise\") for two years. Before Abu Yusuf leaves, Muhammad's secretary addresses a poem to Abu Yusuf, expressing fear of Castile's power and appealing for Marinid's continued support. Later, Abu Yusuf lands at Alcázar Seguir on January 19. This ending the first Marinid invasion in Al-Andalus (modern Spain).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344445633#Europe", "title": "1276", "revid": 1344445633, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Reconquista: Castilian forces led by King Alfonso X (\"the Wise\") and accompanied by his sons, the Infantes Sancho, Peter and John, invade the lowlands of Granada. Sultan Muhammad II of Granada sends a Moorish army, supported by many archers and cavalry, to repel them. Alfonso defeats the Moors in a battle near Granada's walls on June 25, but after the failure of the negotiations that follow, he leaves Granada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Europe", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Sultan Muhammad II drives the rebellious Banu Ashqilula from one stronghold to the next, where they are finally expelled from Granadan territory in Al-Andalus (modern Spain). Meanwhile, Muhammad manages through diplomatic intrigue, to turn the Castilian aristocracy against King Sancho IV. In response, King Alfonso III proclaims the 18-year-old Alfonso de la Cerda as ruler of Castile and León.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Europe", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November", "text": "November–December – The kings Sancho IV of Castile (\"the Brave\") and James II of Aragon (\"the Just\") agree to join the war against the Marinids and conclude a treaty of friendship. Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, gives his support to Sancho to take Tarifa from the Marinids. In the agreement, Castile and Aragon will respect their own boundaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Europe", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1292, "year_label": "1292 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Castilian forces led by King Sancho IV (\"the Brave\") begin the siege of Tarifa: eleven newly built engines bombard the city constantly by land and sea. Meanwhile, Muhammad II, Nasrid ruler of Granada, provides the army of Sancho with men, arms and also aids the blockade in the Strait of Gibraltar. Muhammad attacks Marinid outposts and his forces seize Estepona on the coast to the west of Málaga. Sancho conquers Tarifa after a siege of four months, on October 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358845029#Europe", "title": "1292", "revid": 1358845029, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 16", "text": "September 16 – In Spain, the Emirate of Granada, ruled by Muhammad al-Faqih, and the Crown of Aragon, ruled by Jaime II the Just sign a military agreement to fight against the Kingdom of Castile and to capture the port of Tarifa. \"Finalment, el tractat fou signat per Jaume II ale 16 de setembre de 1301, amb contingut practicament igual que la proposta que ja hem comentat del rei de Granada.\" (\"Finally, the treaty was signed by James II on September 16, 1301, with practically the same content as the proposal we have already commented on from the King of Granada.\")", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#July–_September", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "April 8", "text": "April 8 (8 Shaban 701 AH) – Sultan Muhammad II dies after a 29-year reign and is succeeded by his son Muhammad III as ruler of Granada. Within two weeks of his accession, he sends a Nasrid army under Hammu ibn Abd al-Haqq to seize Bedmar and other neighboring strongholds from Castile. Nasrid forces also attack Jódar, northeast of Bedmar, and recapture Quesada. Meanwhile, Muhammad contains friendly relations with King James II (\"James the Just\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#April–June", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}