{"slug": "muhammad", "label": "Muhammad", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9458", "qid": "Q9458", "description": "Arabian political leader and the founder of Islam (c. 570–632)", "entries": 100, "years": 70, "span": [464, 1952], "span_label": ["464 CE", "1952 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 34}, {"title": "Births", "count": 33}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 15}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 6}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "mecca", "label": "Mecca", "shared": 12}, {"slug": "prophets-in-islam", "label": "Prophets in Islam", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "islam", "label": "Islam", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "medina", "label": "Medina", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "saudi-arabia", "label": "Saudi Arabia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "imamah-shia-doctrine", "label": "Imamah (Shia doctrine)", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "rashidun-caliphate", "label": "Rashidun Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "jerusalem", "label": "Jerusalem", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "arabian-peninsula", "label": "Arabian Peninsula", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hajj", "label": "Hajj", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 464, "year_label": "464 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hashim ibn 'Abd Manaf, great-grandfather of Mohammed (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1288493894#Births", "title": "464", "revid": 1288493894, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 497, "year_label": "497 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abdul Mutallib, grandfather of Islamic prophet Mohammed (d. 578)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907664#Births", "title": "497", "revid": 1364907664, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 510, "year_label": "510 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hashim, great-grandfather of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364739939#Deaths", "title": "510", "revid": 1364739939, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 535, "year_label": "535 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of the prophet Muhammad, father of Ali Ibn Abi Talib (d. 619)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342880383#Births", "title": "535", "revid": 1342880383, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 539, "year_label": "539 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abu Talib ibn Abd al-Muttalib, leader of the Banu Hashim and uncle of Muhammad (d. 619)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754969#Births", "title": "539", "revid": 1364754969, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 545, "year_label": "545 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abd Allah ibn Abd al Muttalib, father of Muhammad (d. 570)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340799600#Births", "title": "545", "revid": 1340799600, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 549, "year_label": "549 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abū Lahab, uncle and staunch critic of Muhammad (d. 624)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557736#Births", "title": "549", "revid": 1369557736, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 555, "year_label": "555 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Khadija, wife of Islamic prophet Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356951195#Births", "title": "555", "revid": 1356951195, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 566, "year_label": "566 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749385#Births", "title": "566", "revid": 1364749385, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 570, "year_label": "570 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, last prophet of Islam (d. 632) (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800837#Births", "title": "570", "revid": 1340800837, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 570, "year_label": "570 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ammar ibn Yasir, companion of Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800837#Births", "title": "570", "revid": 1340800837, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 570, "year_label": "570 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, Islamic prophet, is born in Mecca (today's Saudi Arabia). His father Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib dies a few months before his birth, so he and his mother Aminah bint Wahb are protected by Muhammad's paternal grandfather, Abdul Muttalib, who is recognized as the leading figure in his tribe, the Quraysh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800837#Arabia", "title": "570", "revid": 1340800837, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 570, "year_label": "570 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib, father of Muhammad (b. 545)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800837#Deaths", "title": "570", "revid": 1340800837, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 571, "year_label": "571 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, prophet of Islam (d. 632) – see also 570", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751956#Births", "title": "571", "revid": 1364751956, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 576, "year_label": "576 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, friend of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801569#Births", "title": "576", "revid": 1340801569, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 577, "year_label": "577 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, age 6, returns to his immediate family, but within a year his mother Aminah bint Wahb dies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369170756#Religion", "title": "577", "revid": 1369170756, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 577, "year_label": "577 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Aminah bint Wahb, mother of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369170756#Deaths", "title": "577", "revid": 1369170756, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 578, "year_label": "578 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abdul Muttalib, grandfather of Islamic prophet Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340801573#Deaths", "title": "578", "revid": 1340801573, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 580, "year_label": "580 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abdel Rahman ibn Awf, companion of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747518#Births", "title": "580", "revid": 1364747518, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, age 12, accompanies his uncle Abu Talib during trading journeys to Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Arabia", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abu Ubaidah, companion of Muhammad (d. 639)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Births", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 583, "year_label": "583 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Umar, companion of Muhammad (d. 644) and second Caliph of Rashidun Caliphate", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372793107#Births", "title": "583", "revid": 1372793107, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 589, "year_label": "589 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ramlah bint Abi Sufyan, wife of Muhammad (d. 666)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366654394#Births", "title": "589", "revid": 1366654394, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 592, "year_label": "592 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Asmā' bint Abi Bakr, companion of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754934#Births", "title": "592", "revid": 1364754934, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 593, "year_label": "593 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zaynab bint Jahsh, wife of Muhammad (d. 641)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755561#Births", "title": "593", "revid": 1364755561, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 594, "year_label": "594 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Maymuna bint al-Harith, wife of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364756331#Births", "title": "594", "revid": 1364756331, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, Islamic prophet, meets and marries Khadija. She is a 40-year-old widow and 15 years older than he. Supported by Khadija's wealth, they form a successful merchant partnership.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Religion", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Asmā' bint Abu Bakr, female disciple (Sahaba) of Muhammad (d. 695)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Births", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Sa`d ibn Abi Waqqas, companion of Muhammad (d. 674)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Births", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 605, "year_label": "605 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad (or 615)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364904400#Births", "title": "605", "revid": 1364904400, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 606, "year_label": "606 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hafsa bint Umar, daughter of Umar and wife of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802689#Births", "title": "606", "revid": 1340802689, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 609, "year_label": "609 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hafsa bint Umar, wife of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077538#Births", "title": "609", "revid": 1267077538, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 609, "year_label": "609 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Muhammad claims to have received what was to become the first wahy of Islam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077538#Religion", "title": "609", "revid": 1267077538, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 610, "year_label": "610 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, Islamic prophet, begins at 40 years old to preach a religion which will be called Islam. According to Islamic teachings, the angel Gabriel appears to him in a cave on Mount Hira near Mecca (Saudi Arabia) and calls him: \"The Prophet of Allah\". Muhammad gathers followers, reciting to them the first verses of Qur'an(Iqra), thus beginning the revelation of the Qur'an.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795500#Religion", "title": "610", "revid": 1368795500, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 610, "year_label": "610 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Safiyya bint Huyayy, wife of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795500#Births", "title": "610", "revid": 1368795500, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 613, "year_label": "613 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Islam: Muhammad begins preaching in public. He spreads the message of Islam and encourages a personal devotion to God. Quraysh leaders of Mecca oppose any change in the traditional tribal and religious customs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755983#Religion", "title": "613", "revid": 1364755983, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 613, "year_label": "613 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Aisha, wife of Muhammad (d. 678)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755983#Births", "title": "613", "revid": 1364755983, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 615, "year_label": "615 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Several of Muhammad's followers begin to emigrate to the Aksumite Empire. They found a small colony there, under the protection of the Christian Ethiopian emperor Așhama ibn Abjar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752554#Religion", "title": "615", "revid": 1364752554, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 615, "year_label": "615 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Fatima, daughter of Muhammad (or 605)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752554#Births", "title": "615", "revid": 1364752554, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 616, "year_label": "616 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Quraish clans begins to boycott Muhammad and Banu Hashem, in order to put pressure on his Muslim followers and his Islamic preachings.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367636041#Religion", "title": "616", "revid": 1367636041, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 617, "year_label": "617 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Meccans begin a boycott of the Banu Hashim clan, to which Islamic prophet Muhammad belongs. A civil war begins in Medina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751852#Religion", "title": "617", "revid": 1364751852, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 619, "year_label": "619 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Abd Allah ibn Abbas, cousin of Muhammad (d. 687)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802932#Births", "title": "619", "revid": 1340802932, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 619, "year_label": "619 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad's wife, Khadija, dies after 24 years of marriage in the Year of Sorrow.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802932#Religion", "title": "619", "revid": 1340802932, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 621, "year_label": "621 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Islamic tradition says Muhammad visited heaven aboard the winged mount Buraq, in the Isra wal-Miraj, (the Night Journey), from Mecca to Jerusalem, then to heaven from Jerusalem's Temple Mount, then back to Mecca.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364755711#Religion", "title": "621", "revid": 1364755711, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 622, "year_label": "622 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 or June 17 – The Islamic prophet Muhammad secretly leaves his home in Mecca to make the Hijrah (emigrate) to Yathrib (later renamed by him Medina), along with his companion Abu Bakr. They take refuge in the Cave of Thawr south of Mecca for three days, departing on September 13 or June 21.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342469#Religion", "title": "622", "revid": 1368342469, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Jewish community in Medina (Saudi Arabia) rejects the idea of Muhammad being a leader of Judaism. He and his followers stop bowing toward Jerusalem and start bowing toward Makkah.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Religion", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hasan ibn Ali, second Shia Imam and grandson of Muhammad (d. 670)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#Births", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abū Lahab, uncle of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#Deaths", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 11", "text": "February 11 – While praying in the Masjid al-Qiblatayn in Medina, the Islamic prophet Muhammad receives revelations from God on the qibla, the direction of prayer, that he should be facing Mecca rather than Jerusalem during prayer, beginning an Islamic tradition.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#January–June", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › January–June"}}, {"year": 625, "year_label": "625 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad (d. 670)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803472#Births", "title": "625", "revid": 1340803472, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 625, "year_label": "625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – Battle of Uhud: Muhammad retreats against the inhabitants of Mecca (Saudi Arabia), which they consider a victory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803472#Religion", "title": "625", "revid": 1340803472, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad issues a final proclamation against alcohol. Alcohol is subsequently prohibited in Islam, and his followers pour their wine into the streets.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Religion", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Events › By place › Religion"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Zaynab bint Ali, granddaughter of Muhammad and member of Ahl al-Bayt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Births", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and the third Shi'a Imam (d. 680)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Births", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 627, "year_label": "627 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zaynab bint Khuzayma, wife of Muhammad (b. 595)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346712156#Deaths", "title": "627", "revid": 1346712156, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 627, "year_label": "627 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Battle of the Trench: Muhammad successfully withstands a siege for 27 days at Medina, by Meccan forces (10,000 men) under Abu Sufyan, whose allies, the Jewish tribe of Banu Qurayza, ultimately surrender to Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346712156#Arabia", "title": "627", "revid": 1346712156, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 628, "year_label": "628 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad, Islamic prophet, leads about 1,400 men on a pilgrimage to Mecca where their passage is blocked. The Quraysh tribe and the Muslim community in Medina sign a 10 year truce (Treaty of Hudaybiyyah).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803502#Arabia", "title": "628", "revid": 1340803502, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 629, "year_label": "629 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Muhammad, Islamic unifies all nomadic tribes of the Arabian Peninsula, converts them to Islam and prepares an expedition against the Jews.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803532#Arabia", "title": "629", "revid": 1340803532, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 629, "year_label": "629 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Jafar ibn Abi Talib, companion of Muhammad and older brother of Ali ibn Abi Talib", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803532#Deaths", "title": "629", "revid": 1340803532, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 630, "year_label": "630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – Conquest of Mecca: A Muslim army (10,000 men) marches on Mecca, which surrenders. Muhammad takes the city from the Quraysh", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803540#Arabia", "title": "630", "revid": 1340803540, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 630, "year_label": "630 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Siege of Ta'if: Muhammad begins to besiege Ta'if and brings battering rams and catapults to suppress the fortress city, but is unable to penetrate it.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803540#Arabia", "title": "630", "revid": 1340803540, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 631, "year_label": "631 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Rayhana, slave and wife of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364749921#Deaths", "title": "631", "revid": 1364749921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Deaths", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 27", "text": "January 27 – Ibrahim, son of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Deaths", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Muhammad, Islamic Prophet (b. 570)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Deaths", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 8", "text": "June 8 – Muhammad dies at Medina at the age of 63, after an illness and fever.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Arabia", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 (approximate) – Muhammad makes his final sermon to the Muslims. It is believed by Shia to be the appointment of Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor. The Imamah (Shia doctrine) of Ali Ibn Abi Talib, for the religious, spiritual and political leadership of the Ummah, begins.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Arabia", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 632, "year_label": "632 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 (Friday, 9 Zulhijja, 10 AH) – The Farewell Sermon (Khuṭbatu l-Wadāʿ) is delivered by Muhammad, Islamic prophet, in the Uranah valley of Mount Arafat, to the Muslims who have accompanied him for the Hajj (pilgrimage).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370178497#Religion", "title": "632", "revid": 1370178497, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Sa'd ibn Ubadah, companion of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Deaths", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 636, "year_label": "636 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15–20 – Battle of Yarmouk: In engagements along the Yarmouk River, Muslim forces (25,000 men) of the Rashidun Caliphate, led by Khalid ibn al-Walid, decisively defeat the armies of the Byzantine Empire, effectively completing the Muslim conquest of Syria. It will be regarded as one of the most decisive battles in military history, marking the first great wave of Muslim conquests, after the death of Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267068315#Arabia", "title": "636", "revid": 1267068315, "section": "Events › By place › Arabia"}}, {"year": 637, "year_label": "637 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Maria al-Qibtiyya, concubine of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315736944#Deaths", "title": "637", "revid": 1315736944, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 638, "year_label": "638 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Abu Musa al-Asha'ari, companion (sahabah) of Muhammad, establishes Hafar al-Batin, located in the northeastern region of the Arabian Peninsula. He orders the digging for new wells, along this desert route that Muslims travel from Iraq to Mecca for the Hajj (pilgrimage).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557443#Arabian_Empire", "title": "638", "revid": 1369557443, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bilal ibn Rabah, companion of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Deaths", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 641, "year_label": "641 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Zaynab bint Jahsh, wife of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364764166#Deaths", "title": "641", "revid": 1364764166, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 652, "year_label": "652 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf, companion (sahabah) of Muhammad, frees 30,000 slaves at his death (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635695#Arab_Empire", "title": "652", "revid": 1367635695, "section": "Events › By place › Arab Empire"}}, {"year": 652, "year_label": "652 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635695#Deaths", "title": "652", "revid": 1367635695, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 653, "year_label": "653 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abbas ibn Abd al-Muttalib, uncle of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635810#Deaths", "title": "653", "revid": 1367635810, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 656, "year_label": "656 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Uthman ibn Affan is murdered at Medina after an 11-year reign. He is succeeded by Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law Ali ibn Abi-Talib, who becomes the fourth caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate. He makes Kufah (Iraq) his capital, but the succession is disputed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635539#Arabian_Empire", "title": "656", "revid": 1367635539, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 657, "year_label": "657 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ammar ibn Yasir, companion of Muhammad and Ali ibn Abi Talib (b. 570)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804374#Deaths", "title": "657", "revid": 1340804374, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 659, "year_label": "659 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ali ibn Husayn Zayn, great-grandson of Muhammad and Shia Imam", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804363#Births", "title": "659", "revid": 1340804363, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 661, "year_label": "661 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Al-Ash'ath ibn Qays, companion of the Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340804600#Deaths", "title": "661", "revid": 1340804600, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 665, "year_label": "665 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hafsa bint Umar, wife of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805187#Deaths", "title": "665", "revid": 1340805187, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 670, "year_label": "670 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hasan ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and second Shi'a Imam (b. 625)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634463#Deaths", "title": "670", "revid": 1367634463, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 674, "year_label": "674 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, companion and standard-bearer of Muhammad, is killed during the first attempt of the siege of the city (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352002710#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "674", "revid": 1352002710, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 674, "year_label": "674 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abu Ayyub al-Ansari, friend (sahabah) of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352002710#Deaths", "title": "674", "revid": 1352002710, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Yazid I, son of Muawiyah I, becomes the sixth caliph (second Umayyad caliph) but Kufans in Mesopotamia rebel and invite Hussein ibn Ali (grandson of Muhammad) to take the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Arabian_Empire", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – Husayn ibn Ali, third Shia Imam and grandson of Muhammad (b. 626)K", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Deaths", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 682, "year_label": "682 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bilal ibn al-Harith, companion of Muhammad (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347973674#Deaths", "title": "682", "revid": 1347973674, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 687, "year_label": "687 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abd Allah ibn Abbas, cousin of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806293#Deaths", "title": "687", "revid": 1340806293, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 692, "year_label": "692 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Asmā' bint Abi Bakr, companion of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806257#Deaths", "title": "692", "revid": 1340806257, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 713, "year_label": "713 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ali ibn Husayn, fourth Shia Imam and great-grandson of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807131#Deaths", "title": "713", "revid": 1340807131, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 733, "year_label": "733 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Muhammad al-Baqir, fifth Shia imam and descendant of Muhammad", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809659#Deaths", "title": "733", "revid": 1340809659, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 833, "year_label": "833 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ibn Hisham, Muslim historian, collects oral traditions that form the basis for the biography of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941699#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "833", "revid": 1340941699, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 850, "year_label": "850 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Perfecto, a Christian priest in Muslim Córdoba, is executed (beheaded) after he refuses to retract critical comments he made about Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341129147#Religion", "title": "850", "revid": 1341129147, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 900, "year_label": "900 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The future founder of the Fatimid Caliphate, Abdallah al-Mahdi and his family migrate to North Africa. They claim to be descendants of Fatimah, the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364042634#Abbasid_Caliphate", "title": "900", "revid": 1364042634, "section": "Events › By place › Abbasid Caliphate"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 6", "text": "July 6 – On 3 Muharram 1077 AH on the Muslim calendar, Sa'd ibn Zayd, a descendant of Hasan ibn Ali and of Muhammad (founder of Islam) becomes the new Sharif of Mecca, in modern-day Saudi Arabia. His ascension to the post follows the death of his father, Zayd ibn Muhsin, who had been the Sharif since 1631.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988943#July–September", "title": "1666", "revid": 1365988943, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1802, "year_label": "1802 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 21", "text": "April 21 – About 12,000 Wahhabi Sunnis under the command of Abdul-Aziz bin Muhammad, the second ruler of the First Saudi State attack and sack Karbala, kill between 2,000 and 5,000 inhabitants and plunder the tomb of Husayn ibn Ali, grandson of Muhammad and son of Ali ibn Abi Talib.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341741915#April–June", "title": "1802", "revid": 1341741915, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1924, "year_label": "1924 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – The Ottoman Caliphate, a remnant of the Ottoman Empire abolished on November 1, 1922, and one of the historical claims of succession to the Islamic State of Muhammad, comes to an end with the deposition of Abdülmecid II, Caliph of the Ottoman dynasty. This marks the end of an era, giving way to the drastic political transformations of Turkey under President Atatürk's reforms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372136634#March", "title": "1924", "revid": 1372136634, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "April 25", "text": "April 25 – The bodies of Hudhayfah ibn al-Yaman and Jabir ibn Abd Allah, two of the companions of Islamic prophet Muhammad, are moved from their graves in Salmaan Paak following a dream of King Faisal I of Iraq that they are affected by water.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#April", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – Farouk of Egypt has himself announced as a descendant of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#May–June", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › May–June"}}]}