{"slug": "murad-ii", "label": "Murad II", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murad_II", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131394", "qid": "Q131394", "description": "sixth Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1421–1444, 1446–1451)", "entries": 16, "years": 13, "span": [1404, 1451], "span_label": ["1404 CE", "1451 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 10}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 9}, {"slug": "mehmed-ii", "label": "Mehmed II", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "ottoman-dynasty", "label": "Ottoman dynasty", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "october", "label": "October", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "thebes-greece", "label": "Thebes, Greece", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-sultan", "label": "Ottoman Sultan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "april", "label": "April", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-hungary", "label": "Kingdom of Hungary", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "belgrade", "label": "Belgrade", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "peloponnese", "label": "Peloponnese", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June", "text": "June – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (d. 1451)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#Births", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1421, "year_label": "1421 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26 – Mehmed I, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded by his son, Murad II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365656442#April–June", "title": "1421", "revid": 1365656442, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1422, "year_label": "1422 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10–September – The Ottoman sultan Murad II besieges Constantinople; the siege is broken off as a result of the rebellion of Küçük Mustafa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325155630#April–June", "title": "1422", "revid": 1325155630, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1429, "year_label": "1429 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 28", "text": "August 28 – Mehmed Nizamüddin is appointed the new Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire by the Sultan Murad II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320610#July–September", "title": "1429", "revid": 1351320610, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1430, "year_label": "1430 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – The Ottoman Empire, led by the Sultan Murad II, captures Thessalonica in Greece after an eight-year siege.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561329#January–March", "title": "1430", "revid": 1369561329, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1439, "year_label": "1439 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – Smederevo Fortress, the seat of government of the Despotate of Serbia, surrenders to the Ottoman Empire after a siege of three months under the command of the Sultan Murad II. The siege had started after the Despot, Durad Branković, had departed to the Republic of Venice, leaving the nation under the control of his son, Grgur Branković. Grgur is appointed as the Ottoman Governor of the Serbian province.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373513363#July–September", "title": "1439", "revid": 1373513363, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1440, "year_label": "1440 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Ottoman Sultan Murad II begins the siege of Belgrade, at this time part of the Kingdom of Hungary following the conquest of Serbia. The fortress is heavily damaged, but the defenders' use of artillery prevents the Turks from capturing the city, and the siege ends after six months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343605568#April–June", "title": "1440", "revid": 1343605568, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1441, "year_label": "1441 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – The siege of Novo Brdo in Serbia ends after eight months as Ottoman Empire troops, led by the Sultan Murad II and General Hadım Şehabeddin guarantee the safe evacuation of the surviving Ragusan defenders, accept the Serbian surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361382363#April–June", "title": "1441", "revid": 1361382363, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1443, "year_label": "1443 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – At the Battle of Zlatitsa in what is now Bulgaria, Ottoman troops under the Sultan Murad II and General Kasim Pasha defeat an attack by John Hunyadi and the forces of Hungary, Croatia, Poland and Serbia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349474708#October–December", "title": "1443", "revid": 1349474708, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1444, "year_label": "1444 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August", "text": "August – After making peace with the Karamanids, Ottoman Sultan Murad II abdicates in favor of his son Mehmed II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359067554#July–September", "title": "1444", "revid": 1359067554, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1444, "year_label": "1444 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – Battle of Varna: The crusading forces of King Władysław III of Poland and Hungary are defeated by the Turks, under Sultan Murad II. Władysław is killed, ending the Jagiellonian Union of Hungary and Poland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359067554#October–December", "title": "1444", "revid": 1359067554, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – After hesitating for several weeks, Sultan Murad II, of the Ottoman Empire, destroys the Hexamilion wall, in an assault that includes cannons. Murad and the Ottoman governor of Thessaly, Turakhan Beg, ravage the Peloponnese Peninsula at will, with the Sultan devastating the northern shore, while Glarentza and Turakhan raid in the interior. The Despotate of the Morea is turned into an Ottoman vassal state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#October–December", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October", "text": "October – Murad II, who recently became the Sultan of the Ottoman Empire after his son Mehmed II was forced by the Janissaries to abdicate, invades Attica, forcing Constantine XI to return Thebes to the duchy of Athens, and remove the tribute imposed in 1444. Murad II imposes his own tribute.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#October–December", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1448, "year_label": "1448 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – The Siege of Svetigrad is started by the Ottoman Sultan Murad II against an Albanian fortress at Svetigrad, now Kodžadžik in North Macedonia. After two and a half months, the siege is successful in capturing the fortress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367832753#April–June", "title": "1448", "revid": 1367832753, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Murad II, Ottoman Sultan (b. 1404)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#Deaths", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire, dies and is succeeded (on February 18) by his son, Mehmed II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#January–March", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}