{"slug": "narbonne", "label": "Narbonne", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narbonne", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6555", "qid": "Q6555", "description": "commune in Aude, France", "entries": 24, "years": 24, "span": [-117, 1355], "span_label": ["118 BCE", "1355 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 18}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 13}, {"slug": "septimania", "label": "Septimania", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "umayyad-caliphate", "label": "Umayyad Caliphate", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "nimes", "label": "Nîmes", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pyrenees", "label": "Pyrenees", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "barcelona", "label": "Barcelona", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "avignon", "label": "Avignon", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "visigothic-kingdom", "label": "Visigothic Kingdom", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "toulouse", "label": "Toulouse", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "hispania", "label": "Hispania", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -117, "year_label": "118 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Roman colony of Narbo Martius is founded in Gallia Transalpina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328734696#Roman_Republic", "title": "118 BC", "revid": 1328734696, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 412, "year_label": "412 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths, led by King Ataulf, move into the south of Gaul. He establishes his residence at Narbonne, and makes an alliance with Emperor Honorius, against the usurper Jovinus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865702#Roman_Empire", "title": "412", "revid": 1346865702, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 413, "year_label": "413 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Visigoths, led by King Ataulf, conquer the towns of Toulouse and Bordeaux by force of arms. After a successful siege of Valence, he captures the usurper Jovinus and his brother Sebastianus. In Narbonne they are executed and their heads are sent to Honorius' court at Ravenna.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366415001#Roman_Empire", "title": "413", "revid": 1366415001, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 414, "year_label": "414 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Galla Placidia, half-sister of emperor Honorius, is married to the Visigothic king Ataulf at Narbonne. The wedding is celebrated with Roman festivities and magnificent gifts from the Gothic booty.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346865369#Roman_Empire", "title": "414", "revid": 1346865369, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 436, "year_label": "436 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Gothic War (436-439) besieges king Theodoric I the city of Narbonne; the Visigoths obtain access to the Mediterranean Sea and the roads to the Pyrenees.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303045181#Europe", "title": "436", "revid": 1303045181, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 437, "year_label": "437 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Aetius, Roman general (magister militum) beats Tibatto and ends temporary the uprising of the Baguads. Then he secures the besieged city of Narbonne (Southern Gaul) against King Theodoric I. He concludes a peace treaty with the Visigoths, and becomes consul for the second time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205048#Europe", "title": "437", "revid": 1349205048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 507, "year_label": "507 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gesalec succeeds his father Alaric II as king of the Visigoths. He establishes his residence at Narbonne and is supported by an alliance with the Ostrogothic king Theodoric the Great.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907722#Europe", "title": "507", "revid": 1364907722, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 531, "year_label": "531 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Childebert I defeats the Visigoths and conquers the capital Narbonne. Amalaric flees south to Barcelona, where he is assassinated by his own men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351343342#Europe", "title": "531", "revid": 1351343342, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 607, "year_label": "607 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Visigoths, Austrasians, Neustrians and Lombards form an alliance against King Theuderic II of Burgundy, whose grandmother and sister have murdered Theuderic's wife Ermenberga, daughter of Witteric, king of the Visigoths. Fighting takes place around Narbonne, but little is known of the details or outcome (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340802681#Europe", "title": "607", "revid": 1340802681, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 610, "year_label": "610 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Witteric is assassinated during a banquet at Toledo, by a faction of Catholic nobles. He is succeeded by Gundemar, duke of Narbonne, who becomes king of the Visigoths in Hispania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795500#Europe", "title": "610", "revid": 1368795500, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 672, "year_label": "672 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Wamba succeeds Recceswinth as king of the Visigoths. After ascending to the throne he faces a revolt from Hilderic, governor of Nîmes, who has himself aspired to the kingship. He is supported by Gumild, bishop of Maguelone. Wamba sends dux Paulus to Septimania (Southern France) to end the hostilities, but on his arrival at Narbonne, Paulus proclaims himself king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805434#Europe", "title": "672", "revid": 1340805434, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 714, "year_label": "714 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Tariq ibn Ziyad conquers the cities of Barcelona and Narbonne, where Visigothic nobles accept Umayyad overlordship, in return for autonomy in Septimania (Southern France). Muslims also raid Avignon and Lyon (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468088#Arabian_Empire", "title": "714", "revid": 1364468088, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 719, "year_label": "719 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Gaul (first major Muslim attack upon Visigothic Septimania, in southern France): Governor Al-Samh takes or re-takes Narbonne (Arbouna for the Arabs), before raiding the Toulouse area. Many town defenders and inhabitants are killed in the aftermath by the Umayyad forces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050525#Europe", "title": "719", "revid": 1367050525, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 720, "year_label": "720 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Umayyad conquest of Gaul: Governor Al-Samh continues his campaign; he makes Narbonne the capital city of Muslim Septimania (Southern France), and uses it as a base for razzias. King Ardo is killed, and becomes the last ruler of the Visigothic Kingdom of Hispania. Some Visigoths refuse to adopt the Muslim faith, and flee north to Aquitaine. This marks the end of the Visigothic Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349994139#Europe", "title": "720", "revid": 1349994139, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 721, "year_label": "721 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Anbasa ibn Suhaym Al-Kalbi is appointed governor of Al-Andalus, after the death of Al-Samh. The Muslims under Abdul Rahman al-Ghafiqi withdraw to Narbonne. The Visigothic duke Amrus of the Lerida area recognises Umayyad rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808636#Europe", "title": "721", "revid": 1340808636, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 736, "year_label": "736 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Nîmes: The Franks under Charles Martel fail to capture Narbonne but devastate most of the other settlements, including Nîmes, Agde, Béziers and Maguelonne, which Martel views as potential strongholds of the Umayyads.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809679#Europe", "title": "736", "revid": 1340809679, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 737, "year_label": "737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Narbonne: Frankish forces under Charles Martel besiege Narbonne, occupied by a Umayyad garrison, but are unable to retake the fortress city. A Lombard army under King Liutprand crosses the Alps, to aid Charles in expelling the Muslims from Septimania. Meanwhile Maurontus, duke or count of Provence, raises a revolt from his unconquered city of Marseille, and threatens the rear of the Franks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809689#Europe", "title": "AD 737", "revid": 1340809689, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 738, "year_label": "738 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Moors under Uqba ibn Al-Hajjaj cross the Pyrenees into France. Uqba fortifies Narbonne and reconquers Avignon, Arles, Nimes. He then advances into Provence, and penetrates as far as Piedmont; he then heads North, and conquers Dauphiné, destroying the city of Saint-Paul, taking Valence, Vienne and Lyon, which he uses as a base to attack Bourgogne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809691#Europe", "title": "738", "revid": 1340809691, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 752, "year_label": "752 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Narbonne: Pepin III lays siege to the fortress city of Narbonne, occupied by Gothic-Muslim forces. The garrison and residents are able to withstand the attacks, thanks to the supplies provided by sea by the Arab fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809787#Europe", "title": "752", "revid": 1340809787, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 759, "year_label": "759 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Narbonne: The Franks under King Pepin III (\"the Short\") retake Narbonne from the Muslims, after a 7-year siege. He pushes them back across the Pyrenees, and the Muslims retreat to the Andalusian heartland after 40 years of occupation. The government of the city is assigned to the Visigothic count Miló.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340847712#Europe", "title": "759", "revid": 1340847712, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emir Hisham I of Córdoba calls for a jihad (\"Holy War\") against the Christian Franks. He assembles an army of 70,000 men, half of which attacks the Kingdom of Asturias, destroying its capital, Oviedo, while the other half invades Languedoc, penetrating as far as Narbonne. After capturing the city, the contingent moves towards Carcassonne and conquers it too. Both armies return to Córdoba enriched with the spoils of war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Arabian_Empire", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 990, "year_label": "990 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – The Pax Ecclesiae, an edict by the Catholic Church, is promulgated. Held at three synods in different parts of southern and central France (at Charroux, Narbonne and Puy), it attempts to outlaw acts of war against non-combatants and the clergy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341908655#Religion", "title": "990", "revid": 1341908655, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1134, "year_label": "1134 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Narbonne is seized by Alphonse I of Toulouse.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1321069056#Mediterranean", "title": "1134", "revid": 1321069056, "section": "Events › By place › Mediterranean"}}, {"year": 1355, "year_label": "1355 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5–December 2 – Hundred Years' War: Black Prince's chevauchée of 1355 – A large mounted Anglo-Gascon force under the command of Edward the Black Prince marches from Bordeaux in English-held Gascony 300 miles (480 km) south to Narbonne and back, devastating a wide swathe of French territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357199170#Events", "title": "1355", "revid": 1357199170, "section": "Events"}}]}