{"slug": "near-east", "label": "Near East", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Near_East", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48214", "qid": "Q48214", "description": "geographical term that roughly encompasses Western Asia, and in some definitions parts of the Balkans", "entries": 6, "years": 6, "span": [450, 1407], "span_label": ["450 CE", "1407 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frederick-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "levant", "label": "Levant", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chang-an", "label": "Chang'an", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "church-of-the-east", "label": "Church of the East", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "shaanxi", "label": "Shaanxi", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "timurid-empire", "label": "Timurid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abbasid-caliphate", "label": "Abbasid Caliphate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "fatimid-caliphate", "label": "Fatimid Caliphate", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 450, "year_label": "450 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Metal horseshoes come into more common use in the Near East and in Europe, increasing the efficiency of horsepower in agriculture and transportation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334307596#Agriculture", "title": "450", "revid": 1334307596, "section": "Events › By topic › Agriculture"}}, {"year": 640, "year_label": "640 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Nestorian missionaries build the Daqin Pagoda in Chang'an (Shaanxi). Daqin is the name for the Roman Empire or the Near East.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364750340#Asia", "title": "640", "revid": 1364750340, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 909, "year_label": "909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Fatimid Dynasty founded by Shiite Muslims in Ifriqiya (modern Tunisia) gains suzerainty over the Aghlabid Dynasty in North Africa. Emir Ziyadat Allah III escapes to the Near East, unable to secure any help from the Abbasid Caliphate to regain his emirate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367656270#Africa", "title": "909", "revid": 1367656270, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1068, "year_label": "1068 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – An earthquake affects the Near East, with a maximum Mercalli intensity of IX (Violent). The shock has a magnitude greater than 7, and leaves about 20,000 people dead.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372127712#Geology", "title": "1068", "revid": 1372127712, "section": "Events › By topic › Geology"}}, {"year": 1225, "year_label": "1225 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – Emperor Frederick II takes an oath at San Germano (near Cassino) and promises to depart on a Crusade (the Sixth Crusade), for the Near East in August 1227. He sends 1000 knights to the Levant and provides Rome with 100,000 ounces of gold, to be forfeited to the Catholic Church should he break his vow. These funds will be returned to Frederick once he arrives at Acre.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333322984#July_–_September", "title": "1225", "revid": 1333322984, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1407, "year_label": "1407 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Pir Muhammad Mirza, co-ruler of the Timurid Empire (Transoxiana) that encompasses what is now Iran and most of the Near East of Asia, is murdered by his vizier, Pir Ali Taz. He is succeeded by his cousin, Khalil Sultan, who becomes the sole ruler of Transoxiana until being overthrown in 1409.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367230756#January–March", "title": "1407", "revid": 1367230756, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}