{"slug": "new-zealand", "label": "New Zealand", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Zealand", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664", "qid": "Q664", "description": "island country in the southwest Pacific Ocean", "entries": 36, "years": 32, "span": [180, 2023], "span_label": ["180 CE", "2023 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 12}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 9}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "maori-people", "label": "Māori people", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "australia", "label": "Australia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "christchurch", "label": "Christchurch", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "china", "label": "China", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-rome", "label": "Ancient Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "canada", "label": "Canada", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "elizabeth-ii", "label": "Elizabeth II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kenya", "label": "Kenya", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "james-cook", "label": "James Cook", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "plymouth", "label": "Plymouth", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-kingdom-of-great-britain-and-ireland", "label": "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 180, "year_label": "180 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, forming ash clouds as far as China and Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305659#Oceania", "title": "AD 180", "revid": 1371305659, "section": "Events › By place › Oceania"}}, {"year": 181, "year_label": "181 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "The volcano associated with Lake Taupō in New Zealand erupts, one of the largest on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The effects of this eruption are seen as far away as Rome and China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371305766#Oceania", "title": "AD 181", "revid": 1371305766, "section": "Events › By place › Oceania"}}, {"year": 1280, "year_label": "1280 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The ancestors of the Māori people from eastern Polynesia become the first human settlers of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362487782#Events", "title": "1280", "revid": 1362487782, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1314, "year_label": "1314 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Volcanic eruption of Mount Tarawera in New Zealand; there are few settlers here at this time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373434387#Natural_environment", "title": "1314", "revid": 1373434387, "section": "Events › By topic › Natural environment"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Earliest likely date for first permanent settlement of New Zealand by Māori people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#Date_unknown", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1350, "year_label": "1350 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Latest likely date for first permanent settlement of New Zealand by Māori people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358971362#Date_unknown", "title": "1350", "revid": 1358971362, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1491, "year_label": "1491 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – A tsunami occurs off of the coast of New Zealand, later believed to be caused by a meteor impact that created what is referred to as the \"Mahuika crater\" on the New Zealand continental shelf.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360561378#January–March", "title": "1491", "revid": 1360561378, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1500, "year_label": "1500 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "A group of Māori migrate east from the New Zealand mainland to the Chatham Islands, developing a distinct pacificist culture known as the Moriori (approx. date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371377541#Date_unknown", "title": "1500", "revid": 1371377541, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1642, "year_label": "1642 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 13", "text": "December 13 – Abel Tasman and his crew become the first recorded Europeans to sight New Zealand, arriving at its South Island. In a battle between the Europeans and the Island's Maori inhabitants, four crew members are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350256188#October–December", "title": "1642", "revid": 1350256188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1717, "year_label": "1717 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Most recent rupture of New Zealand's Alpine Fault, with an earthquake estimated to have had a magnitude between 7.8 and 8.1.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366802832#Date_unknown", "title": "1717", "revid": 1366802832, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1770, "year_label": "1770 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – First voyage of James Cook: English explorer Captain James Cook and his crew aboard complete the circumnavigation of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368310921#January–_March", "title": "1770", "revid": 1368310921, "section": "Events › January– March"}}, {"year": 1772, "year_label": "1772 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – The second voyage of James Cook departs from Plymouth on Captain Cook's new ship, HMS Resolution and the companion ship HMS Adventure in an attempt to prove the existence of an uncharted continent even further south than New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362979438#July–September", "title": "1772", "revid": 1362979438, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1807, "year_label": "1807 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Hingakaka between two factions of Māori people, the largest battle ever fought in New Zealand, and the last fought there without firearms. In 1807 or 1808 is fought the Battle of Moremonui, first of the Musket Wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362733939#Approximate_date", "title": "1807", "revid": 1362733939, "section": "Events › Approximate date"}}, {"year": 1839, "year_label": "1839 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – Former British statesman Lord Durham, as President of the New Zealand Company, formally asks the British government for permission to colonize New Zealand, and to establish a colonial government under the sovereignty of the United Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360384794#April–June", "title": "1839", "revid": 1360384794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 22", "text": "January 22 – British colonists reach New Zealand, officially founding the settlement of Wellington.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#January–March", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1840, "year_label": "1840 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – New Zealand is declared a British colony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360387586#April–June", "title": "1840", "revid": 1360387586, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1842, "year_label": "1842 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The New Zealand seat of government moves from Russell to Auckland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365455258#Date_unknown", "title": "1842", "revid": 1365455258, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – In New Zealand, a posse of British settlers sent to arrest Māori chief Te Rauparaha clash with members of his Ngāti Toa tribe, resulting in 26 deaths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#April–June", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – New Zealand Wars: A minor Māori chief is accidentally shot by a junior British Army officer in Whanganui on New Zealand's North Island, triggering the Wanganui Campaign (which continues until July 23).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362575777#April–June", "title": "1847", "revid": 1362575777, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – The settlement of Dunedin, New Zealand is founded, with the arrival of settlers from Scotland on board the John Wickliffe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#January–March", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1853, "year_label": "1853 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – New Zealand acquires self-government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352708271#July–September", "title": "1853", "revid": 1352708271, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – The 8.2–8.3 Wairarapa earthquake claims between five and nine lives near the Cook Strait area of New Zealand.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#January–March", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – The first railway is opened in New Zealand, by the Dun Mountain Copper Mining Company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#February", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1867, "year_label": "1867 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Gorse is naturalised in New Zealand, where it soon becomes the worst invasive weed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365231456#Date_unknown", "title": "1867", "revid": 1365231456, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1881, "year_label": "1881 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 30", "text": "April 30 – hits a reef and sinks off the coast of New Zealand's South Island with only 20 survivors of the 151 on board.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369747876#April", "title": "1881", "revid": 1369747876, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 10", "text": "June 10 – The Mount Tarawera volcano erupts in New Zealand, resulting in the deaths of over 150 people and the destruction of the famous Pink and White Terraces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#June", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – The French ship Anjou is wrecked off of the coast of the uninhabited Auckland Island, located 290 mi from the nearest inhabited land in New Zealand. The castaways live on the isle for more than three months until being rescued on May 7.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#February", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – In New Zealand, the first known suicide attack by a civilian (as opposed to sacrifices made in military combat) takes place in Murchison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#July", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1952, "year_label": "1952 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "February 6", "text": "February 6 – Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, becomes monarch of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the British Dominions: Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. The princess, who is on a visit to Kenya when she hears of the death of her father, King George VI, aged 56, takes the regnal name Elizabeth II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373187098#January–February", "title": "1952", "revid": 1373187098, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1953, "year_label": "1953 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – 1953 British Mount Everest expedition: Sir Edmund Hillary from New Zealand and Tenzing Norgay from Nepal become the first men to reach the summit of Mount Everest.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310369#May", "title": "1953", "revid": 1371310369, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Mount Ruapehu in Tongariro National Park in New Zealand, erupts.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#September", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – A 7.1 magnitude earthquake rocks Christchurch, New Zealand causing large amounts of damage but no direct fatalities. It is the first in a series of earthquakes between 2010 and 2012 that resulted in the deaths of 187 people and over $40 billion worth of damage. Seismologists noted that the earthquake sequence was highly unusual, and likely to never happen again anywhere else in the world.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#September", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – A volcano erupts on White Island in New Zealand, killing 22 people and injuring 25 others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#December", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 2019, "year_label": "2019 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – 51 people are killed and 50 others injured in terrorist attacks on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand. It is the deadliest mass shooting and terrorist attack in New Zealand's history.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373255188#March", "title": "2019", "revid": 1373255188, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 20", "text": "July 20–August 20 – The 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup is held in Australia and New Zealand. In the final, Spain wins 1–0 against England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#July", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2023, "year_label": "2023 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "July 9", "text": "July 9 – New Zealand signs a free trade agreement with the European Union, increasing bilateral trade.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372811827#July", "title": "2023", "revid": 1372811827, "section": "Events › July"}}]}