{"slug": "nicholas-ii", "label": "Nicholas II", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_II", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40787", "qid": "Q40787", "description": "14th and last Emperor of Russia (1894–1917)", "entries": 18, "years": 14, "span": [1868, 2000], "span_label": ["1868 CE", "2000 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 3}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["Nicholas II of Russia", "Tsar Nicholas II"], "related": [{"slug": "saint-petersburg", "label": "Saint Petersburg", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "iran", "label": "Iran", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "russian-empire", "label": "Russian Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "russia", "label": "Russia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "finland", "label": "Finland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "the-hague", "label": "The Hague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "warsaw", "label": "Warsaw", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "russian-orthodox-church", "label": "Russian Orthodox Church", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "alexander-iii-of-russia", "label": "Alexander III of Russia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "communist-party-of-the-soviet-union", "label": "Communist Party of the Soviet Union", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "boris-yeltsin", "label": "Boris Yeltsin", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 (O. S. May 6) – Nicholas II of Russia (d. 1918)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#April–June", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Births › April–June"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – Ōtsu incident: Tsesarevich Nikolay Alexandrovich (the future Czar Nicholas II) of Russia survives an assassination attempt while visiting Japan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#May", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Emperor Alexander III of Russia is succeeded by his son, Nicholas II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#November", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1894, "year_label": "1894 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – Wedding of Nicholas II of Russia and Alix of Hesse in the Grand Church of the Winter Palace at Saint Petersburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369810485#November", "title": "1894", "revid": 1369810485, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – Khodynka Tragedy: a crowd crush at Khodynka Field in Moscow kills at least 1,200 of those marking the coronation year of Emperor Nicholas II of Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#May", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "A particularly severe flood hits many water areas in Finland. The water level of many lakes, such as lake Saimaa, reach extraordinary heights, which are marked on the coastal cliffs to this day. In Finland the flood is called the Oathbreaker's flood because it coincided with severe dissatisfaction with the emperor Nicholas II among the Finns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#Date_unknown", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – The First Hague Peace Conference, initiated by Emperor Nicholas II of Russia, is opened in The Hague by Willem de Beaufort, Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#May", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia announces the creation of an elected assembly, the Duma, to represent the people of the Russian Empire in an advisory capacity, although the real power to make laws will remain with the Tsar and the cabinet of ministers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#March", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 (October 17 Old Style) – October Manifesto: Tsar Nicholas II of Russia is forced to announce the granting of his country's first constitution (the Russian Constitution of 1906), conceding a national assembly (State Duma) with limited powers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#October", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – A revolution forces Mohammad Ali Shah of the Qajar dynasty to abdicate in favor of his son Ahmad Shah Qajar. He proceeds to leave Persia for the Russian Empire, reportedly seeking the assistance of Nicholas II of Russia in regaining the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#July–August", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › July–August"}}, {"year": 1914, "year_label": "1914 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 29", "text": "January 29 – Tsar Nicholas II of Russia dismisses his 4th Prime Minister, Vladimir Kokovtsov due to his \"lack of control over the press\", he is succeeded by Ivan Goremykin for his second term", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518346#January", "title": "1914", "revid": 1373518346, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July", "text": "Former Emperor Nicholas II of Russia (b. 1868)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#July", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Deaths › July"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – Execution of the Romanov family: By order of the Bolshevik Party, and carried out by the Cheka, former emperor Nicholas II, his wife Alexandra Feodorovna, their children, Olga, Tatiana, Maria, Anastasia, Alexei and retainers are shot at the Ipatiev House, in Ekaterinburg, Russia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#July", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – The Soviet Union executes 20 people for alleged espionage in retaliation for the assassination two days earlier of Pyotr Voykov, the Soviet ambassador to Poland, at the railway station in Warsaw. Voykov had been shot by 19-year-old Boris Kowerda, an exiled Russian, in retaliation for having signed the death warrants in 1918 for Tsar Nicholas II and the Russian Imperial Family.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#June", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – The Soviet Politburo orders Boris Yeltsin to demolish the Ipatiev House, where Tsar Nicholas II of Russia and his family were shot in 1918. Yeltsin later refers to this as a barbarian act.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#July", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The remains of Tsar Nicholas II and some of the Romanovs are discovered and exhumed near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#Date_unknown", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1998, "year_label": "1998 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – In Saint Petersburg, Nicholas II of Russia and his family are buried in St. Catherine Chapel, 80 years after he and his family were killed by the Bolsheviks in 1918.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373236679#July", "title": "1998", "revid": 1373236679, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2000, "year_label": "2000 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 14", "text": "August 14 – Tsar Nicholas II and his family are canonized by the synod of the Russian Orthodox Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371541477#August", "title": "2000", "revid": 1371541477, "section": "Events › August"}}]}