{"slug": "nicomedia", "label": "Nicomedia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicomedia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209349", "qid": "Q209349", "description": "ancient city of Bithynia in modern-day Turkey", "entries": 13, "years": 12, "span": [-277, 1338], "span_label": ["278 BCE", "1338 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantine-the-great", "label": "Constantine the Great", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "mediolanum", "label": "Mediolanum", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "licinius", "label": "Licinius", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bithynia", "label": "Bithynia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-emperor", "label": "Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "february", "label": "February", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christians", "label": "Christians", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-legion", "label": "Roman legion", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nicaea", "label": "Nicaea", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -277, "year_label": "278 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Nicomedes I becomes the first ruler of Bithynia to assume the title of king. He founds the city of Nicomedia, which soon rises to great prosperity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129454#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "278 BC", "revid": 1350129454, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -34, "year_label": "35 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sextus Pompeius defeats the governor of Asia, Gaius Furnius, with three legions and seizes Nicaea and Nicomedia (modern Izmit).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862738#Roman_Republic", "title": "35 BC", "revid": 1325862738, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 284, "year_label": "284 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The commander of Numerian's domestici (household troops), Diocles, is chosen to be the new emperor. In a military assembly outside Nicomedia (modern İzmit, Turkey), Diocles claims that the praetorian prefect (and rival for the throne) Arrius Aper murdered Numerian, and he personally stabs and kills the prefect on the spot. The new emperor changes his name to the Latinised 'Diocletian'. Building on existing trends, Diocletian presents his rule as that of a god-like dominus or autocrat.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344146405#Roman_Empire", "title": "284", "revid": 1344146405, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 313, "year_label": "313 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February", "text": "February: Emperors Constantine I and Licinius convene in Mediolanum (modern Milan). Licinius marries Constantine's half-sister Constantia, and they issue the Edict of Milan. This edict ends the Great Persecution against the Christians and is the first piece of legislation in western history to decree freedom of religion. It also returns property confiscated from Christians. The edict is posted in Nicomedia on June 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160715#Roman_Empire", "title": "313", "revid": 1330160715, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 313, "year_label": "313 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – Edict of Milan: Constantine the Great and co-emperor Licinius meet at a conference in Mediolanum (modern Milan). They proclaim a policy of religious freedom for all, ending the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire and returning property confiscated from Christians. The edict is posted in Nicomedia on June 13.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160715#Religion", "title": "313", "revid": 1330160715, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 319, "year_label": "319 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Arius travels to Nicomedia at the invitation of Bishop Eusebius, after having been accused of heresy and condemned by Alexander, the Patriarch of Alexandria. This gives rise to the Arian Controversy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372362353#Religion", "title": "319", "revid": 1372362353, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 324, "year_label": "324 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 18", "text": "September 18 – Battle of Chrysopolis: Constantine I definitively defeats Licinius at Chrysopolis, and becomes sole Emperor, thus ending the period of the Tetrarchy. Licinius escapes and gathers around 30,000 of his surviving troops at Nicomedia. Thus, the Civil wars of the Tetrarchy, which began in 306, end with Constantine ruling as sole Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364737678#Roman_Empire", "title": "324", "revid": 1364737678, "section": "Events › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 337, "year_label": "337 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 22", "text": "May 22 – Constantine the Great, first Christian Roman emperor of the Western Empire (312–324), and of the Roman Empire (324–337), dies in Achyron, near Nicomedia, at age 65, after he is baptized by Eusebius of Nicomedia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342549552#Roman_Empire", "title": "337", "revid": 1342549552, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 358, "year_label": "358 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 — An earthquake destroys Nicomedia, and damages 150 cities in Macedonia, Asia and Pontus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267077925#Roman_Empire", "title": "358", "revid": 1267077925, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 624, "year_label": "624 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Emperor Haraclius celebrates Easter at Nicomedia (now İzmit) then travels to Caesarea (now Kayseri), proceeding during April to Theodosiopolis. He leads troops into Armenia and sacks its capital, Dvin.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343884392#January–June", "title": "624", "revid": 1343884392, "section": "Events › By date › January–June"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Conrad III decides not to wait for the French and crosses the Bosporus into Asia Minor. He leads the German crusader army to Nicomedia, and divides his forces into two divisions. Conrad takes the knights and his professional soldiers across Seljuk central territory while the baggage train, pilgrims and a defending force under Bishop Otto of Freising travel along the Aegean coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Second_Crusade", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Second Crusade"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Battle of Bapheus: To counter the Turkish threat at Nicomedia, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sends a Byzantine force (some 2,000 men) to cross over the Bosporus to relieve the city. On the plain, Turkish forces (some 5,000 light cavalry) led by Sultan Osman I defeat the Byzantines, who are forced to withdraw to Nicomedia. After the battle, Andronikos loses control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to the forts. Meanwhile, Turkish forces capture Byzantine settlements, such as the coastal city of Gemlik.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#July–September", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1338, "year_label": "1338 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Nicomedia is captured by the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556849#Date_unknown", "title": "1338", "revid": 1360556849, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}