{"slug": "nine-years-war", "label": "Nine Years' War", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nine_Years%27_War", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152218", "qid": "Q152218", "description": "war principally fought in Central Europe from 1688 to 1697", "entries": 18, "years": 8, "span": [1689, 1697], "span_label": ["1689 CE", "1697 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 14}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "william-iii-of-england", "label": "William III of England", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-france", "label": "Kingdom of France", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "spanish-netherlands", "label": "Spanish Netherlands", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dutch-republic", "label": "Dutch Republic", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "austria", "label": "Austria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-lorraine", "label": "Duchy of Lorraine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "leopold-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-england", "label": "New England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jacobitism", "label": "Jacobitism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hudson-s-bay-company", "label": "Hudson's Bay Company", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The latter realms entering the Nine Years War and its expansion to the American colonies in the King William's War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#Events", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 2", "text": "March 2 – Nine Years' War: As French forces leave, they set fire to Heidelberg Castle, and the nearby town of Heidelberg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#January–March", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 – Nine Years' War: With England and the Netherlands now both ruled by William III, they join the Grand Alliance (League of Augsburg), thus escalating the conflict, which continues until 1697. This is also the effective beginning of King William's War, the first of four North American Wars (until 1763) between English and French colonists, both sides allied to Native American tribes. The nature of the fighting is a series of raids on each other's settlements, across the Canadian and New England borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#April–June", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – King William brings England into a military alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a fight against France in the Nine Years War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#July–September", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1691, "year_label": "1691 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Nine Years' War: French troops under Marshal Louis-Francois de Boufflers besiege the Spanish-held town of Mons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356137934#January–March", "title": "1691", "revid": 1356137934, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1692, "year_label": "1692 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – The siege of the Belgian city of Namur in the Spanish Netherlands ends as Dutch General Menno van Coehoorn capitulates to King Louis XIV of France after five weeks. The siege, a battle in the ongoing Nine Years War, had begun on May 24.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365636017#July–September", "title": "1692", "revid": 1365636017, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1692, "year_label": "1692 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 (May 19 O.S.) – Nine Years' War: Battle of Barfleur – The Anglo-Dutch fleet breaks the French line off the Cotentin Peninsula, foiling the French plan to invade England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365636017#April–June", "title": "1692", "revid": 1365636017, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1693, "year_label": "1693 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – Nine Years' War – Battle of Landen: William III of England is defeated by the French (with Irish Jacobite mercenaries).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343170745#July–September", "title": "1693", "revid": 1343170745, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1693, "year_label": "1693 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Nine Years' War – Battle of Lagos off Portugal: The French fleet defeats the joint Dutch and English fleet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343170745#April–June", "title": "1693", "revid": 1343170745, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Taking advantage of a fog, the French Army, with 24,000 troops, fights the Battle of Torroella against an equally large Spanish Army force on the banks of the Ter in Spain, near the city of Girona during the Nine Years' War. The Spaniards suffer 3,000 casualties, while the French sustain 500.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#April–June", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 13", "text": "August 13–15 – Nine Years' War: Brussels is bombarded by French troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – Nine Years' War: France surrenders Namur, Spanish Netherlands to forces of the Grand Alliance, led by King William III of England, Stadtholder of the Dutch Republic, following the 2-month Siege of Namur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#July–September", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – King Louis XIV of France and Victor Amadeus, Duke of Savoy, sign the Treaty of Turin, ending Savoy's involvement in the Nine Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#July–September", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – The Dutch bombard Givet during the Nine Years' War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#January–March", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – The Convention of Vigevano is signed, bringing a general ceasefire in Italy and an end to the Nine Years' War between France and the remaining members of the Grand Alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#October–December", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 30", "text": "October 30 – The Nine Years' War, between France and the Grand Alliance comes to an end with the signing of the last pacts of the Peace of Ryswick in the Dutch city of Rijswijk as Leopold I of Austria accedes two days before a deadline that had been set by the other members of the Grand Alliance. The areas of the Duchy of Lorraine (Lotharingen), Freiburg im Breisgau, and Vieux-Brisach (Breisach) are returned by France to Leopold's control.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#October–December", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 20", "text": "September 20 – The Treaty of Ryswick is signed by France and the Grand Alliance, to end both the Nine Years' War and King William's War. Louis XIV of France recognises William III as King of England & Scotland, and both sides return territories they have taken in battle. In North America, the treaty returns Port-Royal (Acadia) to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#July–September", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 (August 25 O.S.) – During the Nine Years' War, the Battle of Hudson's Bay is fought between English and French ships in Hudson Bay near what is now the Canadian province of Manitoba; The French warship Pélican captures York Factory, a trading post of the English Hudson's Bay Company.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#July–September", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}