{"slug": "north-rhine-westphalia", "label": "North Rhine-Westphalia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1198", "qid": "Q1198", "description": "state in Germany", "entries": 7, "years": 7, "span": [776, 1780], "span_label": ["776 CE", "1780 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "saxon-wars", "label": "Saxon Wars", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eresburg", "label": "Eresburg", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "widukind", "label": "Widukind", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "weser", "label": "Weser", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "eighty-years-war", "label": "Eighty Years' War", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 776, "year_label": "776 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: The Saxons again revolt against Christianity and Frankish rule. Eresburg falls, but a Saxon assault upon the castle of Syburg fails. Charlemagne hurriedly returns from Italy, launching a counter-offensive which defeats the Saxons. Most of their leaders are summoned to the Lippe at the town of Bad Lippspringe (North Rhine-Westphalia), to submit formally to Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848048#Europe", "title": "776", "revid": 1340848048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 779, "year_label": "779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne assembles a Frankish army at Düren, crosses the Rhine at the modern town of Wesel, and defeats the Saxons in battle near Bocholt (North Rhine-Westphalia). All the main Westphalian leaders are captured, except Widukind. Charlemagne crosses the Weser, Oker and Ohre rivers into Eastphalian territory, where local leaders submit to Frankish rule and hand over hostages. Widukind remains in northern Saxony, and relies on guerrilla warfare.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848243#Europe", "title": "779", "revid": 1340848243, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 829, "year_label": "829 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Ansgar, Frankish abbot of Corvey (modern Westphalia), is appointed missionary to Sweden by Louis the Pious, at the request of the Swedish king Björn at Haugi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340941503#Religion", "title": "829", "revid": 1340941503, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – The First War of the Guelderian Succession ends after eight years of fighting in what is now the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia, between Wilhelm of Jülich and the Duchess Mechteld of Guelders. Duchess Mechteld, wife of John II, Count of Blois, who renounces all claims to further rule after a defeat at the Battle of Hönnepel. In return for her surrender of claims to Guelders, she receives an annual pension of 33,000 gold pieces.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#January–March", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1473, "year_label": "1473 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – In Germany, Gerhard VII, Duke of Jülich-Berg destroys the Tomburg Castle near Wormersdorf in what is now the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The one-day shelling of the castle with cannons takes place after a dispute with the Lord of Tomburg, Friedrich von Sombreff. The castle is never rebuilt and the ruins remain more than 550 years later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813739#July–September", "title": "1473", "revid": 1361813739, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1568, "year_label": "1568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – Eighty Years' War: The Battle of Dahlen takes place in the Duchy of Jülich near the modern-day Rheindahlen borough in the German city of Mönchengladbach, North Rhine-Westphalia. Spanish troops, commanded by Sancho d'Avila, overwhelm a larger force of Dutch rebels led by Jean de Montigny, Lord of Villers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362476556#April–June", "title": "1568", "revid": 1362476556, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 16", "text": "April 16 – The University of Münster in Münster, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#April–June", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}