{"slug": "northern-italy", "label": "Northern Italy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Italy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4345530", "qid": "Q4345530", "description": "geographic region of Italy", "entries": 28, "years": 28, "span": [-114, 1515], "span_label": ["115 BCE", "1515 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 17}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 4}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 3}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "huns", "label": "Huns", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "padua", "label": "Padua", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "aquileia", "label": "Aquileia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "agilulf", "label": "Agilulf", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "austrasia", "label": "Austrasia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pannonia", "label": "Pannonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ostrogoths", "label": "Ostrogoths", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": -114, "year_label": "115 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Aemilius Scaurus defeats the Carni Celtic tribes of Northern Italy, leading to their submission to Roman rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1328732522#Roman_Republic", "title": "115 BC", "revid": 1328732522, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 170, "year_label": "170 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Suebian tribes of the Marcomanni cross the Danube and invade Northern Italy. The Roman army (20,000 men) is destroyed near Carnuntum in Pannonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371303023#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 170", "revid": 1371303023, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 424, "year_label": "424 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – A Roman army under the command of Ardaburius leaves Thessalonica (modern Central Macedonia) and marches for Northern Italy, where they make their base at Aquileia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367765710#Roman_Empire", "title": "424", "revid": 1367765710, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 425, "year_label": "425 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Aetius leads a force of Huns (60,000 men) into Northern Italy. He reaches a compromise with Placidia, in return for obtaining the rank commander-in-chief (magister militum) in Gaul.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367645280#Roman_Empire", "title": "425", "revid": 1367645280, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 452, "year_label": "452 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Huns under Attila invade Northern Italy. Emperor Valentinian III flees from Ravenna to Rome, and sends Pope Leo I to persuade Attila to return to the Hungarian Plain. The cities of Aquileia, Padua and Verona are destroyed by the Huns. Milan is saved because Attila is offered a huge amount of gold. Flavius Aetius (magister militum) is unable to raise a new army against him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342662685#Europe", "title": "452", "revid": 1342662685, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 461, "year_label": "461 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Majorian is arrested near Tortona (Northern Italy), and deposed by Ricimer (magister militum) as puppet emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349204937#Roman_Empire", "title": "461", "revid": 1349204937, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 470, "year_label": "470 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Odoacer becomes the leader of the Germanic tribes (Herulic – Scirian foederati) in Northern Italy (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333241735#Europe", "title": "470", "revid": 1333241735, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 489, "year_label": "489 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August", "text": "August – Battle of Sirmium in Pannonia: The Ostrogoths under Theodoric the Great, moving to invade Northern Italy at the behest of Eastern Roman Emperor Zeno, defeat the Gepids attempting to stop their advance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747647#Europe", "title": "489", "revid": 1364747647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 540, "year_label": "540 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ildibad succeeds Vitiges as king of the Ostrogoths, and installs his nephew Totila as commander of the Gothic army. He recaptures Venetia and Liguria in Northern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367291057#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "540", "revid": 1367291057, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 568, "year_label": "568 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Lombards, led by King Alboin, cross the Julian Alps. Their invasion of Northern Italy is almost unopposed; withered Byzantine forces, that remain in the Po Valley and are based at Ravenna, are no match for the overwhelming Lombard incursion. Residents of the Italian countryside flee at the Lombards' approach. Some retreat to the barrier islands along the shore of the Northern Adriatic Sea, where they establish permanent settlements: the nascent city of Venice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751316#Europe", "title": "568", "revid": 1364751316, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 580, "year_label": "580 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards drive the last Ostrogoths across the Alps (Northern Italy). During the \"Rule of the Dukes\" the Lombards adopt Roman titles, names, and traditions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364747518#Europe", "title": "580", "revid": 1364747518, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 584, "year_label": "584 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards re-establish a unified monarchy after a 10-year interregnum (Rule of the Dukes). Threatened by a Frankish invasion that the dukes have provoked, they elect Authari (son of Cleph) as their king and give him the capital of Pavia (Northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364754048#Europe", "title": "584", "revid": 1364754048, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 588, "year_label": "588 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks and Burgundians under King Guntram and his nephew Childebert II invade Northern Italy, but suffer a disastrous defeat against the Lombards.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753170#Europe", "title": "588", "revid": 1364753170, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 595, "year_label": "595 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "After the death of Euin, Gaidoald becomes the Duke of Trent (Northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367658603#Europe", "title": "595", "revid": 1367658603, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 601, "year_label": "601 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards under King Agilulf expand into Northern Italy, establishing a settlement with the Franks and maintaining intermittent relationships with Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364903478#Europe", "title": "601", "revid": 1364903478, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 603, "year_label": "603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Agilulf besieges Cremona, and with the assistance of the Slavs the city is destroyed. He captures Padua and Mantua (Northern Italy); its territory is divided between the Lombard duchies of Brescia and Bergamo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364752956#Europe", "title": "603", "revid": 1364752956, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 662, "year_label": "662 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Franks take advantage of the Lombard civil war and invade Northern Italy, but are defeated by Grimoald I. King Chlothar III gives Austrasia to his youngest brother Childeric II. He is raised on the shield of his warriors and proclaimed king of Austrasia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805159#Europe", "title": "662", "revid": 1340805159, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 666, "year_label": "666 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Arnefrit, duke of Friuli (Northern Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368711664#Deaths", "title": "AD 666", "revid": 1368711664, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 667, "year_label": "667 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Lombards, under King Grimoald I, destroy Oderzo (Northern Italy). Much of its population flees to the nearby city of Heraclea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805207#Europe", "title": "667", "revid": 1340805207, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 688, "year_label": "688 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Alahis, duke of Brescia, starts a civil war in Northern Italy. He besieges Cunipert on an island in Lake Como (Lombardy), who breaks out with Piedmontese troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806290#Europe", "title": "688", "revid": 1340806290, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 695, "year_label": "695 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ado, duke of Friuli (Northern Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340806239#Deaths", "title": "695", "revid": 1340806239, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 726, "year_label": "726 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Abbo of Provence, Frankish nobleman, founds Novalesa Abbey in Piedmont (Northern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808661#Religion", "title": "726", "revid": 1340808661, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 727, "year_label": "727 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand takes advantage of the anti-imperial turmoil. He conquers Bologna and other cities beyond the Po River (Northern Italy). The Lombards take \"Classis\", the strategic seaport of Ravenna, and overrun the Pentapolis.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372352645#Europe", "title": "AD 727", "revid": 1372352645, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The oldest document mentioning the city of Ferrara (Northern Italy) is from this year (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Europe", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 792, "year_label": "792 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Westphalians rise up against the Saxons, in response to a forcible recruitment for wars against the Avars. However, Pepin, sub-king of Northern Italy and son of King Charlemagne, continues the war, and wins considerable booty from the Avars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906591#Europe", "title": "792", "revid": 1364906591, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 888, "year_label": "888 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Winter – King Arnulf of Carinthia leads an East Frankish expedition into Italy, after he is recognized as overlord of France and Burgundy. Arnulf descends with an army over the Brenner Pass, and meets King Berengar I at a peace conference at Trento. Berengar grants him two counties in the Val d'Adige (Northern Italy), and does homage to Arnulf as overlord. In turn, Arnulf confirms Berengar as king of Lombardia, and returns to Germany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347624107#Europe", "title": "AD 888", "revid": 1347624107, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Henry Cornelius Agrippa returns to Northern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#Date_unknown", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}