{"slug": "nubia", "label": "Nubia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nubia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135028", "qid": "Q135028", "description": "region along the Nile river, which is located in northern Sudan and southern Egypt", "entries": 17, "years": 17, "span": [-1952, 974], "span_label": ["1953 BCE", "974 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "muslim", "label": "Muslim", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pharaoh", "label": "Pharaoh", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nile-delta", "label": "Nile Delta", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "artaxerxes-iii", "label": "Artaxerxes III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "memphis-egypt", "label": "Memphis, Egypt", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pelusium", "label": "Pelusium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-province", "label": "Roman province", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -1952, "year_label": "1953 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "1953 BC: Senusret I launches a military campaign against Lower Nubia and conquers the region down to the Second Cataract.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363833727#Events", "title": "20th century BC", "revid": 1363833727, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1912, "year_label": "1913 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "1913 BC – 1903 BC: Egyptian-Nubian war.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363833727#Events", "title": "20th century BC", "revid": 1363833727, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1859, "year_label": "1860 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "c. 1860 BC: Senusret III inspects the Nubian frontier, he leads four punitive campaigns against the Nubians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363826027#Events", "title": "19th century BC", "revid": 1363826027, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -729, "year_label": "730 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "730 BC: Piye succeeds his father Kashta as king of the Nubian kingdom of Napata.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363514202#730s_BC", "title": "8th century BC", "revid": 1363514202, "section": "Events › 730s BC"}}, {"year": -655, "year_label": "656 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Psamtik I extends his control over all Egypt. The Twenty-fifth Dynasty, and subsequent Nubian period, end in Ancient Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510215#Egypt", "title": "656 BC", "revid": 1370510215, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -342, "year_label": "343 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt. The Persians are keen to access Egypt's gold and corn supplies. The town of Pelusium in the Nile Delta puts up resistance, but Pharaoh Nectanebo II is forced to retreat to Memphis. As the situation deteriorates, Nectanebo II leaves for exile in Nubia. His departure marks the end of the 30th Dynasty, the last native house to rule Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172730#Persian_Empire", "title": "343 BC", "revid": 1354172730, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -22, "year_label": "23 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Nubians, led by queen Kandake Amanirenas, take the initiative against the Roman Empire, and attack the Roman province of Egypt moving towards Elephantine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1287237096#Roman_Empire", "title": "23 BC", "revid": 1287237096, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": -21, "year_label": "22 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman governor of Egypt, Gaius Petronius, marches up the Nile with legions XXII Deiotariana and III Cyrenaica, and destroys the Nubian capital of Napata.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369251712#Roman_Empire", "title": "22 BC", "revid": 1369251712, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1, "year_label": "1 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "AD 1 – Amanishakheto, queen of Kush (Nubia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365712040#Deaths", "title": "0s", "revid": 1365712040, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 50, "year_label": "50 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Christianity is introduced throughout Nubia by a high official of Queen Judith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373339620#Nubia", "title": "50s", "revid": 1373339620, "section": "Events › 50 AD › Nubia"}}, {"year": 569, "year_label": "569 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Nubian kingdom of Alodia is converted to Christianity by Byzantine missionaries (according to John of Ephesus).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349645704#Religion", "title": "569", "revid": 1349645704, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 600, "year_label": "600 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Nubian rulers become Christian (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364751689#Religion", "title": "600", "revid": 1364751689, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 642, "year_label": "642 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Dongola: 'Amr ibn al-'As sends an Arab expedition of 20,000 horsemen, under his cousin Uqba ibn Nafi, to Makuria (Southern Egypt). The Nubians strike hard against the Muslims near Dongola with hit-and-run attacks. The Arab incursions into Nubia are temporarily halted.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367634849#Africa", "title": "642", "revid": 1367634849, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 652, "year_label": "652 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Uthman ibn Affan establishes a treaty (the Baqt) between the Christian Nubians and the Muslims in Egypt, that lasts for six centuries, including the tribute of 400 slaves annually.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635695#Arab_Empire", "title": "652", "revid": 1367635695, "section": "Events › By place › Arab Empire"}}, {"year": 656, "year_label": "656 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Abdullah ibn Sa'ad, governor of Upper Egypt, dies after a 12-year regime in which he has defeated neighboring Nubia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367635539#Arabian_Empire", "title": "656", "revid": 1367635539, "section": "Events › By place › Arabian Empire"}}, {"year": 719, "year_label": "719 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Church of Nubia transfers its allegiance, from the Eastern Orthodox Church to the Coptic Church (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367050525#Religion", "title": "719", "revid": 1367050525, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 974, "year_label": "974 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Qarmatians are defeated north of Cairo by Fatimid forces under General Jawhar al-Siqilli. He consolidates Fatimid rule and sends a legation to the Christian land of Nubia to secure the southern border of Egypt. Arab traders introduce Islam to the population, which gradually supplants Christianity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341513416#Africa", "title": "974", "revid": 1341513416, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}]}