{"slug": "old-saxony", "label": "Old Saxony", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Saxony", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3057629", "qid": "Q3057629", "description": "larger region of which Lower Saxony is a part", "entries": 11, "years": 11, "span": [775, 807], "span_label": ["775 CE", "807 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "charlemagne", "label": "Charlemagne", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "saxon-wars", "label": "Saxon Wars", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "widukind", "label": "Widukind", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "saxons", "label": "Saxons", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "carolingian-dynasty", "label": "Carolingian dynasty", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pepin-of-italy", "label": "Pepin of Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bavaria", "label": "Bavaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "eresburg", "label": "Eresburg", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "weser", "label": "Weser", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-the-younger", "label": "Charles the Younger", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 775, "year_label": "775 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne holds a major assembly at Quierzy (Northern France). He leads a Frankish army into Saxony to retake the castrum of Syburg (near Dortmund), then rebuilds and garrisons fortified Eresburg. He reaches the Weser at a place called Braunsberg, where the Saxons stand for battle, but are defeated when Frankish troops cross the river.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848014#Europe", "title": "775", "revid": 1340848014, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 777, "year_label": "777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne spends Easter in Nijmegen, and leads a large Frankish army to Paderborn, where a general assembly of Carolingian and Saxon leaders had been summoned. Saxon lands are integrated into the Frankish Kingdom, and divided into missionary parishes. Duke Widukind and his followers flee to King Sigfred of Denmark, seeking refuge and support.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348716720#Europe", "title": "AD 777", "revid": 1348716720, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 778, "year_label": "778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: Widukind and his close followers return to Saxony from Denmark. He probably makes alliances with the Danes and the northwestern Slav tribes. Saxon rebels destroy the fortress of Karlsburg and sack Deutz (near Cologne), but are unable to cross the Rhine. They are driven back by the garrison of Koblenz, but then ambush and defeat the Frankish pursuers. Counter-attacking Frankish forces pursue the Saxons up the Lahn Valley, and defeat them near Leisa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081416#Europe", "title": "778", "revid": 1267081416, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 780, "year_label": "780 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne decrees the death penalty for any subdued Saxon refusing Christian baptism. Meanwhile Widukind builds up rebel strength in northern Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364753540#Europe", "title": "780", "revid": 1364753540, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 782, "year_label": "782 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Charlemagne returns from his campaign in Italy, and musters a Frankish army of available troops in Bavaria. He then marches to Saxony, probably to Eresburg. Charlemagne marches north, down the Weser to the Aller River, making camp near Verden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267081621#Europe", "title": "782", "revid": 1267081621, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 783, "year_label": "783 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Winter – Saxon Wars: Charlemagne defeats the Saxon rebels in a three-day battle next to the Hase River, and perhaps overruns fortifications on the Wittekindsberg, before ravaging southern Saxony. A Frisian uprising against Carolingian rule is supported by Duke Widukind.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342197#Europe", "title": "783", "revid": 1351342197, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 784, "year_label": "784 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne begins a campaign in northern Saxony. He ravages Eastphalian territory as far as the Elbe River, while his son, Charles the Younger, defeats a Saxon force in the Lippe Valley. Bad weather hinders Charlemagne's winter campaign in southern Saxony.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848263#Europe", "title": "784", "revid": 1340848263, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 785, "year_label": "785 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne summons a major assembly of Saxon and Frankish lords at Paderborn, then leads his army across Saxony as far as the Lower Elbe, without significant resistance. Duke Widukind retreats with his 'rebel' forces beyond the Elbe, but then negotiates and exchanges hostages. Charlemagne returns to his palace at Attigny (Ardennes), followed by Widukind; here the Saxon leaders are baptized as Christians on Christmas Day. Widukind and the Saxon nobility swear fealty to Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351342449#Europe", "title": "785", "revid": 1351342449, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 804, "year_label": "804 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Emperor Charlemagne finishes the conquest of Saxony. The Carolingian administration in the north is restored and the diocese of Bremen is re-established. Venice, torn by infighting, switches allegiance from Constantinople to King Pepin of Italy, son of Charlemagne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076299#Europe", "title": "804", "revid": 1267076299, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 806, "year_label": "806 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Charlemagne divides the Frankish Empire under his three sons, called Divisio Regnorum. For Charles the Younger he designates the imperial title, Austrasia and Neustria, Saxony, Burgundy, and Thuringia. To Pepin he gives Italy, Bavaria, and Swabia. His youngest son Louis the Pious receives Aquitaine, the Spanish March, and Provence.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292643508#Europe", "title": "806", "revid": 1292643508, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 807, "year_label": "807 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Widukind, duke of Saxony (approximate date)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342124762#Deaths", "title": "807", "revid": 1342124762, "section": "Deaths"}}]}