{"slug": "osman-i", "label": "Osman I", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osman_I", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83100", "qid": "Q83100", "description": "founder of the Ottoman Empire (died 1323/4)", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1254, 1337], "span_label": ["1254 CE", "1337 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bithynia", "label": "Bithynia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "nicaea", "label": "Nicaea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ephesus", "label": "Ephesus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sultanate-of-rum", "label": "Sultanate of Rum", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nicomedia", "label": "Nicomedia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bosporus", "label": "Bosporus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "andronikos-ii-palaiologos", "label": "Andronikos II Palaiologos", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Osman I, founding ruler of the Ottoman Empire (d. 1324)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#Births", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Osman I, founder of the Great Ottoman Empire (d. 1324)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Births", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1281, "year_label": "1281 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Osman I, founder of the Ottoman Empire, becomes bey of the Söğüt tribe in central Anatolia after the death of his father, Ertuğrul Ghazi. Osman's accession to power is not peaceful, as he has to fight his relatives before he gets hold of the clan's leadership. One of Osman's major rivals is his uncle Dündar Bey, who rebels against him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320525#Middle_East", "title": "1281", "revid": 1351320525, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Osman I (or Othman) declares the Anatolian beylik (principality) to be independent of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, originating the Ottoman Empire. Osman becomes the founder and the first ruler, with Söğüt as the capital, which will last until the 1920s.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Asia", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Asia"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Sultan Osman I calls for a military campaign to strike deep into Byzantine Bithynia. During the campaign, Ottoman forces capture the towns of İnegöl and Yenişehir. The later town will be transformed into a capital city, as Osman moves his administration and personal household within its walls. By the end of the year, Ottoman forces begin blockading the major Byzantine city of Nicaea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#Middle_East", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Battle of Bapheus: To counter the Turkish threat at Nicomedia, Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos sends a Byzantine force (some 2,000 men) to cross over the Bosporus to relieve the city. On the plain, Turkish forces (some 5,000 light cavalry) led by Sultan Osman I defeat the Byzantines, who are forced to withdraw to Nicomedia. After the battle, Andronikos loses control of the countryside of Bithynia, withdrawing to the forts. Meanwhile, Turkish forces capture Byzantine settlements, such as the coastal city of Gemlik.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#July–September", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Battle of Dimbos: The Byzantine governors (tekfurs) of Prusa, Adranos, Kestel, and Ulubat begin a military campaign against the Ottoman-Turkish forces of Sultan Osman I. They attack the Ottoman capital city of Yenişehir and proceed to relieve Nicaea, which is under an Ottoman blockade. Osman musters a 5,000-strong army and defeats the Byzantine forces at a mountain pass near Yenişehir.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1304, "year_label": "1304 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – Ottoman-Turkish forces led by Sultan Osman I conquer the ancient city of Ephesus from the Byzantine Empire, massacring and deporting its native population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428823#October_–_December", "title": "1304", "revid": 1361428823, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1324, "year_label": "1324 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ottoman Sultan Osman I dies after a 25-year reign at Bursa. He is the founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as a Turkmen principality in the northwest of Anatolia). He is succeeded by his 43-year-old son Orhan I as the second ruler (bey), who places his residence at Söğüt in Bilecik Province (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303312513#Asia_Minor", "title": "1324", "revid": 1303312513, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": 1337, "year_label": "1337 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Siege of Nicomedia: After its foundation by Osman I in about 1299, the Ottoman Empire expanded across Bithynia in north-west Anatolia by capturing territory from the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629159#Date_unknown", "title": "1337", "revid": 1359629159, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}