{"slug": "ottoman-turks", "label": "Ottoman Turks", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ottoman_Turks", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359535", "qid": "Q2359535", "description": "Turkic ethnic group who founded the Ottoman Empire", "entries": 23, "years": 21, "span": [1329, 1909], "span_label": ["1329 CE", "1909 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 16}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}], "related": [{"slug": "wallachia", "label": "Wallachia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "second-bulgarian-empire", "label": "Second Bulgarian Empire", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "plovdiv", "label": "Plovdiv", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bulgaria", "label": "Bulgaria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "skanderbeg", "label": "Skanderbeg", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "edirne", "label": "Edirne", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "byzantine", "label": "Byzantine", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "john-v-palaiologos", "label": "John V Palaiologos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1329, "year_label": "1329 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Battle of Maltepe (Pelekanon): Ottoman Turks defeat the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1344101347#January–December", "title": "1329", "revid": 1344101347, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1355, "year_label": "1355 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Date unknown – Battle of Ihtiman: The Ottoman Turks defeat the Bulgarian Empire but suffer heavy losses and do not return to Bulgarian territory for around 15 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357199170#Events", "title": "1355", "revid": 1357199170, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1362, "year_label": "1362 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Ottomans capture Philippopolis (or in 1364, 1371) and Adrianopole (the modern-day city of Edirne, or in 1369) from the Byzantine Empire, reducing its territory to the city of Constantinople, part of the Peloponessus, and some islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360556919#Date_unknown", "title": "1362", "revid": 1360556919, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1363, "year_label": "1363 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ottoman Turks seize Filibe (Philippopolis) in Thrace in the Byzantine–Ottoman wars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292555096#Date_unknown", "title": "1363", "revid": 1292555096, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Ottoman Turks capture the town of Ihtiman in west Bulgaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#Date_unknown", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – Forces of the Republic of Venice and Ottoman Turks, having invaded Constantinople, restore John V Palaiologos as Byzantine co-emperor. Andronikos IV Palaiologos is allowed to remain as co-emperor, but is confined to the city of Silivri for the remainder of his life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#July–September", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ottomans take Sofia from the Bulgarians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#Date_unknown", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1395, "year_label": "1395 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – Battle of Rovine: With the help of the Hungarians, Wallachia resists an invasion by the Ottomans and their Serb and Bulgarian vassals. But Mircea I of Wallachia has to temporarily flee to Transylvania, and Vlad I Uzurpatorul is placed on the throne by the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019527#April–June", "title": "1395", "revid": 1366019527, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ottomans capture the Bulgarian fortress of Vidin and Tsar Ivan Sratsimir, ending the Second Bulgarian Empire. The Bulgarian state is reestablished in 1878 as the Principality of Bulgaria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#Date_unknown", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Ulu Camii Mosque is built in Bursa by the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#Date_unknown", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – Battle of Nicopolis: The Ottomans defeat a joint crusade by Hungary, France, the Holy Roman Empire, and Wallachia, led by King Sigismund of Hungary. This is the last large-scale crusade of the Middle Ages.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#July–September", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1397, "year_label": "1397 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Ottomans capture the town of Vidin, the capital of the Tsardom of Vidin, the only remaining independent Bulgarian state. Emperor Ivan Sratsimir of Vidin is taken prisoner by early this year and later disappears while his son Constantine II becomes Emperor in his place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363907908#Date_unknown", "title": "1397", "revid": 1363907908, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1400, "year_label": "1400 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Wallachia (modern-day southern Romania) resists an invasion by the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369029011#Date_unknown", "title": "1400", "revid": 1369029011, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1446, "year_label": "1446 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Battle of Otonetë: Skanderbeg defeats the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360566332#July–September", "title": "1446", "revid": 1360566332, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1449, "year_label": "1449 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Second Siege of Sfetigrad (1449): The Albanian garrison surrenders and the Ottomans seize the fortress.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365251873#April–June", "title": "1449", "revid": 1365251873, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Sarajevo, capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina, is founded by the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#Date_unknown", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1464, "year_label": "1464 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 18", "text": "June 18 – Pope Pius II himself shoulders the cross of the Crusades, and departs for Ancona to participate in person. He names Skanderbeg general captain of the Holy See, under the title Athleta Christi. This plan forces Skanderbeg to break his ten-year peace treaty with the Ottomans signed in 1463, by attacking their forces near Ohrid.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367795127#April–June", "title": "1464", "revid": 1367795127, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1497, "year_label": "1497 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Ottomans give Russian merchants freedom of trade within the empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372862240#Date_unknown", "title": "1497", "revid": 1372862240, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – Invasion of Gozo: Ottoman Turks and Barbary pirates invade the Mediterranean island of Gozo (now part of Malta), and enslave almost all of its 6,000 inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#July–September", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Illustrations of Ottoman Turkish and European riflemen, with detailed illustrations of their firearms, appear in Zhao Shizhen's book Shenqipu in this year, during the Ming Dynasty of China.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#Date_unknown", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – Russo-Turkish War, 1735-1739: Russian forces under Field Marshal Munnich storm the Ottoman fortress of Ochakov, and take prisoner 4,000 Turks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#April–June", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 23", "text": "October 23 – The Internal Macedonian Revolutionary Organization (IMRO) is founded in the town of Thessaloniki. Its aim is to liberate the region of Macedonia from the Ottoman Turks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#October", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1909, "year_label": "1909 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 14", "text": "April 14 – Adana massacre: Ottoman Turks kill 15,000–30,000 Armenian Christians, in the Adana Vilayet.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373420847#March–April", "title": "1909", "revid": 1373420847, "section": "Events › March–April"}}]}