{"slug": "palmyra", "label": "Palmyra", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmyra", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747", "qid": "Q5747", "description": "ancient city in Homs Governorate, Syria", "entries": 13, "years": 12, "span": [103, 1753], "span_label": ["103 CE", "1753 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "english-language", "label": "English language", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "french-language", "label": "French language", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mesopotamia", "label": "Mesopotamia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gallienus", "label": "Gallienus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cappadocia", "label": "Cappadocia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "zenobia", "label": "Zenobia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mediterranean-sea", "label": "Mediterranean Sea", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 103, "year_label": "103 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "In Palmyra, Syria, a Temple of the Sun is erected to the god Baal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330325241#Religion", "title": "AD 103", "revid": 1330325241, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 108, "year_label": "108 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Hypogeum of Yarhai, an underground tomb from the Syrian city of Palmyra dedicated to the family of Yarhai, is built.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330325570#Arts_and_sciences", "title": "AD 108", "revid": 1330325570, "section": "Events › By topic › Arts and sciences"}}, {"year": 131, "year_label": "131 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Temple of Baalshamin is built in Palmyra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325705088#Religion", "title": "AD 131", "revid": 1325705088, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 137, "year_label": "137 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Tax laws are passed for trade in Palmyra. The caravan city grows rich by importing rare products from the Persian Gulf, and by exporting items manufactured by the Mediterranean world to the East.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189792#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 137", "revid": 1371189792, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 259, "year_label": "259 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mesopotamia: Odaenathus, the ruler of the kingdom of Palmyra, sacks the city of Nehardea, destroying its great yeshiva.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331138913#Persia", "title": "259", "revid": 1331138913, "section": "Events › By place › Persia"}}, {"year": 261, "year_label": "261 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Gallienus usurpers: The rebellion of Macrianus Major, Macrianus Minor, and Quietus against Gallienus comes to an end. They march from Asia to Europe but they are defeated in Thrace by Gallienus' general Aureolus, and both Macrianus Major and Macrianus Minor are killed. Quietus flees to Emesa, where he is killed by Odaenathus of Palmyra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188936#Roman_Empire", "title": "261", "revid": 1371188936, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 263, "year_label": "263 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "King Odenathus of Palmyra declares himself ruler of the area west of the River Euphrates and is declared Dux Orientalis by the Roman emperor Gallienus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371304587#Roman_Empire", "title": "263", "revid": 1371304587, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Septimius Odaenathus of Palmyra makes plans for a campaign in Cappadocia against the Goths. He is assassinated, along with his eldest son, most probably by his nephew due to a previous altercation between him and Odaenathus. His wife Zenobia succeeds him, and rules Vaballathus (the Palmyrene Empire) with her young son.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Near_East", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Events › By place › Near East"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Septimius Herodianus, co-king of Palmyra (assassinated)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Deaths", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 272, "year_label": "272 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aurelian besieges Palmyra. Zenobia attempts to escape to Persia but is captured on the Euphrates. Palmyra surrenders soon after.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371192173#Roman_Empire", "title": "272", "revid": 1371192173, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 273, "year_label": "273 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aurelian sacks the city of Palmyra, after putting down a second revolt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325892096#Roman_Empire", "title": "273", "revid": 1325892096, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 336, "year_label": "336 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The first recorded customs tariff is in use in Palmyra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076019#Roman_Empire", "title": "336", "revid": 1267076019, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 1753, "year_label": "1753 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Robert Wood publishes The ruins of Palmyra; otherwise Tedmor in the desart in English and French, making the ancient Syrian city of Palmyra known to the West.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362641691#Date_unknown", "title": "1753", "revid": 1362641691, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}