{"slug": "papal-bull", "label": "Papal Bull", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_Bull", "wikidata": null, "qid": null, "description": null, "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [1054, 1503], "span_label": ["1054 CE", "1503 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "dominican-order", "label": "Dominican Order", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-alexander-vi", "label": "Pope Alexander VI", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "james-iv", "label": "James IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "inquisition", "label": "Inquisition", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-sixtus-iv", "label": "Pope Sixtus IV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-nicholas-v", "label": "Pope Nicholas V", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1054, "year_label": "1054 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – East-West Schism: Humbert of Silva Candida, representative of the newly deceased Leo IX, breaks the relations between Western and Eastern Churches, through the act of placing an invalidly-issued Papal Bull of excommunication during the celebration of the Divine Liturgy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267065294#Religion", "title": "1054", "revid": 1267065294, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1155, "year_label": "1155 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A plan to conquer Ireland is approved by Adrian IV in a Papal bull (a formal proclamation issued by the pope) called Laudabiliter. It gives Henry II lordship over Ireland, but the Irish kings resist English rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359485841#Religion", "title": "1155", "revid": 1359485841, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 22", "text": "December 22 – Honorius III officially approves the Order of Preachers (the Dominican Order), by the Papal bull Religiosam vitam.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371079230#Religion", "title": "1216", "revid": 1371079230, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1347, "year_label": "1347 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 26", "text": "January 26 – Charles University in Prague is founded by a bull issued by Pope Clement VI, at the request of Charles I, King of Bohemia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289406739#January–December", "title": "1347", "revid": 1289406739, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1451, "year_label": "1451 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – Pope Nicholas V issues a Papal Bull to establish The University of Glasgow; classes are initially held in Glasgow Cathedral.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358547324#January–March", "title": "1451", "revid": 1358547324, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1482, "year_label": "1482 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 22", "text": "March 22 – Pope Sixtus IV, in a special bull, grants self-government rights to the Italian town of Ascoli Piceno.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368493356#January–March", "title": "1482", "revid": 1368493356, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1484, "year_label": "1484 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – Pope Innocent VIII issues the Papal bull Summis desiderantes affectibus, giving the Inquisition a mission to hunt heretics and witches in Germany, led by Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346941150#October–December", "title": "1484", "revid": 1346941150, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1503, "year_label": "1503 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 28", "text": "May 28 – James IV of Scotland and Margaret Tudor of England are married as per the Treaty of Perpetual Peace by Pope Alexander VI, according to Papal bull.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366510845#April–June", "title": "1503", "revid": 1366510845, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}