{"slug": "paraguay", "label": "Paraguay", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q733", "qid": "Q733", "description": "sovereign state in South America", "entries": 26, "years": 24, "span": [1537, 2009], "span_label": ["1537 CE", "2009 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 13}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "argentina", "label": "Argentina", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "brazil", "label": "Brazil", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "uruguay", "label": "Uruguay", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "bolivia", "label": "Bolivia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "spanish-empire", "label": "Spanish Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "president-of-paraguay", "label": "President of Paraguay", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vilnius", "label": "Vilnius", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 15", "text": "August 15 – The city of Asunción, now the capital of the South American nation of Paraguay, is founded by Juan de Salazar de Espinosa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#July–September", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1537, "year_label": "1537 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – King Carlos I of Spain (who is also the Holy Roman Emperor) issues a royal decree providing for the first election in the New World, allowing he citizens of the Province of Rio de la Plata (now Paraguay) to elect a replacement for the late Captain-General Pedro de Mendoza. Domingo Martínez de Irala is elected the new Captain-General in 1538.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362632656#July–September", "title": "1537", "revid": 1362632656, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Curuguaty in Paraguay is founded by Juan Gregorio de Bazán y Pedraza on the banks of the Curuguaty River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964331#April_–June", "title": "1712", "revid": 1367964331, "section": "Events › April –June"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 20", "text": "December 20 – Manuel Belgrano crosses the Paraná River to Itapúa Department, starting his invasion of Paraguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#October–December", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1810, "year_label": "1810 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Manuel Belgrano prepares his invasion to the Provincia del Paraguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357106545#July–September", "title": "1810", "revid": 1357106545, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1811, "year_label": "1811 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Paraguay declares independence from the Spanish Empire (recognised May 15).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361375672#April–June", "title": "1811", "revid": 1361375672, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1820, "year_label": "1820 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – José Gervasio Artigas flees to Paraguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368795492#July–September", "title": "1820", "revid": 1368795492, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1828, "year_label": "1828 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Antonio José de Sucre tries to invade Paraguay, reaching the northern city of Fuerte Olimpo, but the planned invasion is immediately cancelled.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371323922#April–June", "title": "1828", "revid": 1371323922, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – French-born botanical explorer Aimé Bonpland leaves Paraguay for Argentina.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#January–March", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1844, "year_label": "1844 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – The dictator Carlos Antonio López becomes first President of Paraguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372570203#January–March", "title": "1844", "revid": 1372570203, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1858, "year_label": "1858 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Paraguay expedition: Seventeen U.S. Navy warships, under the command of William Shubrick, depart from Uruguay on a mission to demand concessions from Paraguay, and to go to war if necessary.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371625769#October–December", "title": "1858", "revid": 1371625769, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1865, "year_label": "1865 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – The Treaty of the Triple Alliance of Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay against Paraguay is formally signed, following the outbreak of the Paraguayan War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361545898#May", "title": "1865", "revid": 1361545898, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – Paraguay successfully defends Curupayty against the Triple Alliance in the Paraguayan War, killing more than 5,000 while sustaining just about 50 casualties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#September", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 5", "text": "January 5 – Paraguayan War: Brazilian Army commander Luís Alves de Lima e Silva, Duke of Caxias, enters Asunción, Paraguay's capital. Some days later he declares the war is over. Nevertheless, Francisco Solano López, Paraguay's president, prepares guerrillas to fight in the countryside.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#January", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1870, "year_label": "1870 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – Battle of Cerro Corá, Paraguay: Marshal Francisco Solano López's last troops are cornered by those of the Triple Alliance. López refuses to surrender and is killed, ending the Paraguayan War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362496807#March", "title": "1870", "revid": 1362496807, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1872, "year_label": "1872 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "In the aftermath of the Paraguayan War, the new government of Paraguay makes peace with Brazil, granting reparations and territorial concessions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371307490#Date_unknown", "title": "1872", "revid": 1371307490, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1878, "year_label": "1878 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "U.S. arbitration rejects Argentine claims to Paraguay's part of the Chaco region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365252865#Date_unknown", "title": "1878", "revid": 1365252865, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1882, "year_label": "1882 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "A peace treaty is signed between Paraguay and Uruguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360586433#Date_unknown", "title": "1882", "revid": 1360586433, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1932, "year_label": "1932 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Beginning of the Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia because of delimitation problems and others.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370718676#September", "title": "1932", "revid": 1370718676, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – Chaco War: Paraguay formally declares war on Bolivia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#May", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1935, "year_label": "1935 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 12", "text": "June 12 – The Chaco War between Paraguay and Bolivia ends.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370722923#June", "title": "1935", "revid": 1370722923, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 4", "text": "May 4 – General Alfredo Stroessner deposes Federico Chaves in a coup d'état in Paraguay; from August 15 he will hold the office of President until 1989.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#May", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1958, "year_label": "1958 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – A general strike is called in Paraguay.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371827125#August", "title": "1958", "revid": 1371827125, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1989, "year_label": "1989 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 – 1989 Paraguayan coup d'état (\"La Noche de la Candelaria\"): A military coup overthrows Alfredo Stroessner, dictator of Paraguay since 1954.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369557705#February", "title": "1989", "revid": 1369557705, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 26", "text": "March 26 – Argentina, Brazil, Uruguay and Paraguay sign the Treaty of Asunción, establishing Mercosur.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#March", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 2009, "year_label": "2009 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Asunción, the capital of Paraguay, becomes the American Capital of Culture and Vilnius and Linz become the European Capitals of Culture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367728140#January", "title": "2009", "revid": 1367728140, "section": "Events › January"}}]}