{"slug": "parliament-of-england", "label": "Parliament of England", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parliament_of_England", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130737", "qid": "Q1130737", "description": "legislature of the Kingdom of England (1215-1707)", "entries": 39, "years": 35, "span": [1264, 1707], "span_label": ["1264 CE", "1707 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 26}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "henry-viii", "label": "Henry VIII", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "parliament-of-scotland", "label": "Parliament of Scotland", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "anne-queen-of-great-britain", "label": "Anne, Queen of Great Britain", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-i-of-england", "label": "Charles I of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-ii-of-england", "label": "Charles II of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "william-iii-of-england", "label": "William III of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-scotland", "label": "Kingdom of Scotland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-style", "label": "Old Style", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "parliament-of-great-britain", "label": "Parliament of Great Britain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ireland", "label": "Ireland", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1264, "year_label": "1264 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June", "text": "June – Simon de Montfort summons Parliament in London to confirm new constitutional arrangements. Two knights are summoned for each county, and are allowed to comment on general matters of state – the first time this has occurred. In France, Queen Eleanor of Provence, wife of Henry III, makes plans for an invasion of England with the support of Louis IX OF France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334426011#British_Isles", "title": "1264", "revid": 1334426011, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1266, "year_label": "1266 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – Second Barons' War: Battle of Chesterfield: English forces led by Henry of Almain, son of Richard of Cornwall, defeat rebels under Robert de Ferrers in a minor skirmish at Chesterfield. Robert is taken as a prisoner to London, and at the Parliament of England disinherits. In July, he is forced to surrender land and Liverpool Castle to Edmund Crouchback, second son of King Henry III of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320651#England", "title": "1266", "revid": 1351320651, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1275, "year_label": "1275 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 22", "text": "April 22 – The first Statute of Westminster, drawn up between Parliament and Edward I, defines the legal privileges that landowners are allowed. These are based on the investigations carried out in 1274 into the landowner's rights to own their land. Establishing a series of laws into 51 chapters, including equal treatment of rich and poor, free and fair elections, and definition of Bailable and non-bailable offenses.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365270169#British_Isles", "title": "1275", "revid": 1365270169, "section": "Events › By place › British Isles"}}, {"year": 1285, "year_label": "1285 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Second Statute of Westminster is accepted in parliament, reforming various laws; it includes the clause de donis conditionalibus, considered one of the fundamental institutes of medieval law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359686470#England", "title": "1285", "revid": 1359686470, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1308, "year_label": "1308 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 25", "text": "June 25 – Piers Gaveston is exiled for the second time by the Parliament, due to possible corruption and exploited personal gains. As compensation for the loss of the Earldom of Cornwall, which is another condition of his exile, Gaveston is granted land worth 3,000 marks annually in Gascony. Further to this, he is appointed Lord Lieutenant of Ireland – so that a certain amount of honour can be maintained despite the humiliation of the exile. Gaveston is also threatened with ex-communication by Pope Clement V. Edward II accompanies him to Bristol, from where he sets sail for Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315343#April_–_June", "title": "1308", "revid": 1367315343, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – The Parliament of England presents the Ordinances of 1311 to King Edward II (document dated 5 October; published on 11 October); these substitute the 21 Lord Ordainers for the King as the effective government of the country.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#July_–_September", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1351, "year_label": "1351 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February", "text": "February – Enactments by the Parliament of England:", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1275601006#January–December", "title": "1351", "revid": 1275601006, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1495, "year_label": "1495 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Poynings' Law comes into effect, placing the Parliament of Ireland under the authority of the Parliament of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256979#Date_unknown", "title": "1495", "revid": 1365256979, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1534, "year_label": "1534 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – The Parliament of England passes the Act Respecting the Oath to the Succession, recognising the marriage of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn, and their children as the legitimate heirs to the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558671#January–March", "title": "1534", "revid": 1369558671, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – The Six Articles, an Act of the Parliament of England, is given royal assent reaffirms certain Catholic principles in Henry VIII's Church of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#April–June", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – King Henry VIII of England marries Catherine Parr. It is Henry's sixth and last marriage and Catherine's third. Princess Elizabeth attends the wedding. This month, the Parliament of England passes the Third Succession Act, restoring the Princesses Mary and Elizabeth, Henry's daughters, to the line of succession to the English throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#July–September", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1545, "year_label": "1545 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – King Henry VIII opens the Parliament of England for the ninth time, in a session that lasts until December 24.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366653612#October–December", "title": "1545", "revid": 1366653612, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1549, "year_label": "1549 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – The Act of Uniformity 1548 is passed by the Parliament of England and establishes the 1549 version of the Book of Common Prayer as the sole legal prayer book in England, replacing the use of different versions of the Latin-language Missal.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482759#January–March", "title": "1549", "revid": 1362482759, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – Peter Wentworth, a Puritan M.P. of the Parliament of England, is arrested in the middle of giving an address criticizing \"rumours and messages\" given to suppress freedom of speech. When he says that \"the devil was the first author of them, from whom proceedeth nothing but wickedness\", he is interrupted and taken to the Tower of London for imprisonment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#January–March", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – The Parliament of England's Act against Reconciliation to Rome imposes heavy fines, for practising Roman Catholicism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#January–March", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Parliament of England passes the Vagabonds Act, that allows transportation of convicts to colonies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#Date_unknown", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1610, "year_label": "1610 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Dr. Bonham's Case, a landmark decision, is decided by Edward Coke, Chief Justice of the Common Pleas of England. Coke affirms the supremacy of the common law, which limits the power of Parliament as well as the king.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361322431#Date_unknown", "title": "1610", "revid": 1361322431, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1622, "year_label": "1622 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 8", "text": "February 8 – King James I of England dissolves the English Parliament.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366857889#January–May", "title": "1622", "revid": 1366857889, "section": "Events › January–May"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 10", "text": "March 10 – Charles I of England dissolves Parliament, starting the Eleven Years' Tyranny", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#January–March", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1645, "year_label": "1645 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 3", "text": "April 3 – The House of Lords passes the Self-denying Ordinance, requiring members of the Parliament of England to resign commissions in the armed services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370309626#April–June", "title": "1645", "revid": 1370309626, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1646, "year_label": "1646 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 30", "text": "July 30 – Commissioners of the Parliament of England and Scottish Covenanters meeting in Newcastle upon Tyne set out the Heads of Proposals (\"Newcastle Propositions\") demanding that King Charles I gives up control of the army and place restrictions on Catholics, as the basis for a constitutional settlement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360055090#July–September", "title": "1646", "revid": 1360055090, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1654, "year_label": "1654 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Oliver Cromwell creates a union between England and Scotland, with Scottish representation in the Parliament of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365981814#April–June", "title": "1654", "revid": 1365981814, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – In exile in the Netherlands, Prince Charles Stuart receives word that the Parliament of England has declared his elevation to the throne as King Charles II of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#April–June", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – Concerned about the wintry weather, the Parliament of England holds an intercessory fast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#July–September", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1663, "year_label": "1663 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – The English Parliament passes the second Navigation Act, requiring that all goods bound for the American colonies have to be sent in English ships from English ports.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988068#July–September", "title": "1663", "revid": 1365988068, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1666, "year_label": "1666 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – The Cestui Que Vie Act 1666 is passed by the Parliament of England, to provide for the disposal of the property of missing persons.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988943#July–September", "title": "1666", "revid": 1365988943, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – Charles II of England issues the Royal Declaration of Indulgence, suspending execution of Penal Laws against Protestant nonconformists and Roman Catholics in his realms; this will be withdrawn the following year under pressure from the Parliament of England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992116#January–March", "title": "1672", "revid": 1365992116, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1679, "year_label": "1679 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – The Parliament of England passes the Habeas Corpus Act, \"for the better securing the liberty of the subject\" and then adjourns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366669253#April–June", "title": "1679", "revid": 1366669253, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 3", "text": "December 3 – The Parliament of England passes the Triennial Act 1694, requiring general elections every three years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#October–December", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1694, "year_label": "1694 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – The Bank of England is founded through Royal charter by the Whig-dominated Parliament of England, following a proposal by Scottish merchant William Paterson to raise capital, by offering safe and steady returns of interest guaranteed by future taxes. A total of £1.2 million is raised for the war effort against Louis XIV of France by the end of the year, to establish the first-ever government debt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353084901#July–September", "title": "1694", "revid": 1353084901, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1695, "year_label": "1695 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – The Commission of Enquiry into the Massacre of Glencoe in Scotland in 1692 reports to the Parliament of England, blaming Sir John Dalrymple, Secretary of State over Scotland, and declares that a soldier should refuse to obey a \"command against the law of nature\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368691153#April–June", "title": "1695", "revid": 1368691153, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1696, "year_label": "1696 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 21", "text": "January 21 – The Recoinage Act, passed by the Parliament of England to pull counterfeit silver coins out of circulation, becomes law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361123555#January–March", "title": "1696", "revid": 1361123555, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1697, "year_label": "1697 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Parliament of England passes the Trade with Africa Act 1697 (An Act to settle the Trade to Africa), which end the Royal African Company's monopoly on all English trade with Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355431044#Date_unknown", "title": "1697", "revid": 1355431044, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1699, "year_label": "1699 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 20", "text": "January 20 – The Parliament of England (under Tory dominance) limits the size of the country's standing army to 7,000 'native born' men; hence, King William III's Dutch Blue Guards cannot serve in the line. By an Act of February 1, it also requires disbandment of foreign troops in Ireland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560904#January–March", "title": "1699", "revid": 1369560904, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1701, "year_label": "1701 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – The Act of Settlement 1701 is passed by the Parliament of England, to exclude the Catholic Stuarts from the British monarchy. Under its terms, King William III, childless, will be succeeded by Queen Mary II's sister Princess Anne and her descendants. If Anne should have no descendants, she will be succeeded by Sophia of Hanover and her descendants (hence the Hanoverian Succession in 1714).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366683505#April–June", "title": "1701", "revid": 1366683505, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 21", "text": "December 21 – The Sophia Naturalization Act is passed by the Parliament of England, which naturalizes Sophia of Hanover (next in succession to the British throne) and the Protestant \"issue of her body\" as British subjects.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#October–December", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1705, "year_label": "1705 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 14", "text": "March 14 – Queen Anne gives royal assent to the Parliament of England's Alien Act 1705, setting a deadline of December 25, 1705, for Scotland's parliament to authorize negotiations for a Treaty of Union with England to create the Kingdom of Great Britain and threatening that unless Scotland agrees to negotiate terms for union and accepts the Hanoverian succession by December 25, there would be a ban on the import of all Scottish staple products into England and Scots would also lose the privileges of Englishmen under English law – thus endangering rights to any property they held in England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355353320#January–March", "title": "1705", "revid": 1355353320, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 19", "text": "March 19 – The Act of Union with Scotland is ratified by the Parliament of England; the Parliament of Scotland is adjourned for the last time on May 1, 1707.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#January–March", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 12", "text": "May 12 (May 1 Old Style) – The new sovereign state of Great Britain comes into being, as a result of the Acts of Union, which combine the Kingdoms of Scotland and England into a single united Kingdom of Great Britain, and merge the Parliaments of England and Scotland, to form the Parliament of Great Britain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#April–June", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}