{"slug": "parma", "label": "Parma", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parma", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2683", "qid": "Q2683", "description": "city in the northern Italian region of Emilia-Romagna", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [-182, 1831], "span_label": ["183 BCE", "1831 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "modena", "label": "Modena", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "piacenza", "label": "Piacenza", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pisa", "label": "Pisa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "milan", "label": "Milan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "northern-italy", "label": "Northern Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-alexander-iii", "label": "Pope Alexander III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "frederick-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ferrara", "label": "Ferrara", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "february", "label": "February", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "austrian-empire", "label": "Austrian Empire", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -182, "year_label": "183 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Roman colonies are established at Mutina (later Modena), Pisa and Parma in northern and central Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352698344#Roman_Republic", "title": "183 BC", "revid": 1352698344, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -42, "year_label": "43 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Antony marches to Parma (which is sacked) and Placentia. He then crosses the Ligurian Alps to Vada Sabatia, 50 km 0 south-west of Genoa, and joins with Aemilius Lepidus, soon after Decimus Brutus is killed by brigands. The Senate declares Antony a hostis, an enemy of the state. Sextus Pompey becomes supreme commander of the Roman navy and Gaius Cassius proconsul of Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338224737#Roman_Republic", "title": "43 BC", "revid": 1338224737, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 824, "year_label": "824 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "March 5", "text": "March 5 – Adelard becomes the new Duke of Spoleto upon the death of his father, Suppo I, who ruled much of Italy including Brescia, Parma, Piacenza, Modena, and Bergamo. Adelard reigns for only five months before dying in August.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361215157#By_date", "title": "824", "revid": 1361215157, "section": "Events › By date"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1248, "year_label": "1248 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Battle of Parma: Imperial forces (some 6,000 men) under Emperor Frederick II are defeated by the Lombard League at Parma. Much of Frederick's treasure is lost, while he is hunting in the Taro Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121866#Europe", "title": "1248", "revid": 1305121866, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 12", "text": "September 12 – In the Italian War, the Holy Roman Empire abandons its siege of the French-controlled city of Parma after 17 days.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#July–September", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1618, "year_label": "1618 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The 3,000 seat Teatro Farnese, the first permanent proscenium theatre, is built into the Great Hall of the Palazzo della Pilotta in Parma, Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365216026#Date_unknown", "title": "1618", "revid": 1365216026, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February", "text": "February–March – Revolts in Modena, Parma and the Papal States are put down by Austrian troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#January–March", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}