{"slug": "patrician-ancient-rome", "label": "Patrician (ancient Rome)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrician_%28ancient_Rome%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154668", "qid": "Q154668", "description": "name given to members of the old-established upper class in ancient Rome", "entries": 23, "years": 23, "span": [-485, 1070], "span_label": ["486 BCE", "1070 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 8}, {"slug": "roman-consul", "label": "Roman consul", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ravenna", "label": "Ravenna", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "justinian-ii", "label": "Justinian II", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-dictator", "label": "Roman dictator", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "capua", "label": "Capua", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-censor", "label": "Roman censor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -485, "year_label": "486 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "During his third consulate, the Roman consul Spurius Cassius Vecellinus proposes an agrarian law to assist needy plebeians. The proposal is vehemently opposed by the patricians including the other consul Proculus Verginius Tricostus Rutilus, and the plebs turn against the patricians. In the following year Cassius is condemned and executed for high treason.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360598378#Roman_Republic", "title": "486 BC", "revid": 1360598378, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -459, "year_label": "460 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Conflicts arise between the Roman patricians and plebeians. There is also a revolt by Rome's slaves. During the revolt, the Campidoglio is held by the slaves for a lengthy period, along with the most important temples of Rome. It is during this revolt that consul Publius Valerius Publicola dies. The revolt only ends with the arrival of an army from Tusculum, led by Tusculan dictator Lucius Mamilius. Meanwhile, Lucius Quinctius Cincinnatus is appointed as consul to replace Publicola.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173290#Roman_Republic", "title": "460 BC", "revid": 1354173290, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -453, "year_label": "454 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Roman Plebs, suffering from a number of economic and financial ills, force the city’s patricians to begin the reform and codification of the law. As a first act, a three-man commission is sent to Athens to study that city's laws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1302076125#Roman_Republic", "title": "454 BC", "revid": 1302076125, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -450, "year_label": "451 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Following the report of a three-man commission into the design of Roman law, the patricians set up in Rome a Board of Ten, the Decemviri. The first Decemviri, composed entirely of patricians is led by consuls Appius Claudius Crassus and Titus Genucius Augurinus. The first ten codes of the Roman Law of the Twelve Tables are completed by the first Decemvirate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326558217#Roman_Republic", "title": "451 BC", "revid": 1326558217, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -444, "year_label": "445 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "A new law, the Lex Canuleia removes the ban on inter-marriage of the Roman classes, i.e. plebeian with patrician.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1255603089#Roman_Republic", "title": "445 BC", "revid": 1255603089, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -442, "year_label": "443 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "No consuls are elected in Rome, but rather military tribunes with consular power are appointed in their stead. While only patricians could be consuls, some military tribunes were plebeians. These positions had responsibility for the census, a vital function in the financial administration of Rome. So to stop the plebeians from possibly gaining control of the census, the patricians remove from the consuls and tribunes the right to take the census, and rather entrust it to two magistrates, called censores who were to be chosen exclusively from the patricians in Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360981312#Roman_Republic", "title": "443 BC", "revid": 1360981312, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -438, "year_label": "439 BCE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": null, "text": "Spurius Maelius, a wealthy Roman plebeian, tries to buy popular support with the aim of making himself king. During the severe famine affecting Rome, he buys up a large store of grain and sells it at a low price to the people of Rome – the first time this had been done in Rome. This leads Lucius Minucius, the patrician praefectus annonae (\"president of the market\"), to accuse Maelius of seeking to take over the government.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326570000#Roman_Republic", "title": "439 BC", "revid": 1326570000, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -366, "year_label": "367 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "During the ten-year period that Gaius Licinius (Calvus) Stolo is tribune in Rome (376 BC to 367 BC) he does much to reduce the enmity between patricians and plebs by reforming a number of laws. During his term, he proposes the Lex Licinia Sextia, which restores the consulship to the plebs, requires a plebeian consul seat, limits the amount of public land that one person can hold, and regulates debts. The patricians oppose these laws, though they are now finally passed and take effect from 366 BC.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291620451#Roman_Republic", "title": "367 BC", "revid": 1291620451, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -365, "year_label": "366 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Two additional aediles, called curule (\"higher\") aediles, are created in the Roman hierarchy. These are at first patricians; but those of the next year are plebeians and so on year by year alternately. They are elected in the assembly of the tribes, with the consul presiding.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116023#Roman_Republic", "title": "366 BC", "revid": 1300116023, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Roman censor, Appius Claudius Caecus, a patrician, enters office and begins construction of the Appian Way (the Via Appia) between Rome and Capua. He also embarks on a program of political reform, including the distribution of the landless citizens of Rome among the tribes, which at this time constitute basic political units. Appius also admits sons of freedmen into the Roman Senate. He also asserts the right of freed slaves to hold office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Italy", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": 417, "year_label": "417 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Emperor Honorius forces his half-sister Galla Placidia into marriage to Constantius, his general (magister militum). He is appointed patricius and becomes a prominent member of the House of Theodosius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367640866#Roman_Empire", "title": "417", "revid": 1367640866, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 430, "year_label": "430 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May", "text": "May - Flavius Felix, his wife and a deacon are accused of plotting against Aetius. They are arrested in Ravenna and executed. Aetius is granted the title of patricius (Roman nobility).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370135052#Roman_Empire", "title": "430", "revid": 1370135052, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 445, "year_label": "445 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Petronius Maximus, prominent aristocrat, is given the title of Patrician. He becomes the most honored of all non-imperial Romans, and political rival of Flavius Aetius.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338118826#Europe", "title": "445", "revid": 1338118826, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 476, "year_label": "476 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Roman Senate petitions Zeno to recognize Nepos as deposed and take the sole emperorship himself, abolishing the 81-year-long east/west division of the empire and recognizing Odoacer's authority in Italy. Zeno declines the first request, but names Odoacer Patricius, investing his rule with Imperial legitimacy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355222972#Roman_Empire", "title": "476", "revid": 1355222972, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 552, "year_label": "552 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Anicius Maximus, Roman patrician", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340800166#Deaths", "title": "552", "revid": 1340800166, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 668, "year_label": "668 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Mezezius, Byzantine general and patrikios (\"first patrician\"), is proclaimed emperor by the army in Syracuse. Constantine IV organizes an expedition to suppress the military revolt in Sicily.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340805218#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "668", "revid": 1340805218, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 709, "year_label": "709 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Emperor Justinian II sends a punitive expedition to Italy under the patrikios Theodore, to intervene in the dispute between Pope Constantine I and Archbishop Felix of Ravenna, who claims to be independent of the pope's authority. Theodore captures Ravenna, and arrests Felix and other Italian leaders. He deports them to Constantinople, from whence they are exiled to Cherson (Crimea).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807109#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "709", "revid": 1340807109, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 710, "year_label": "710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Byzantine outpost of Cherson (Crimea) rebels (with Khazar assistance) against Emperor Justinian II. He sends a fleet under the patrikios Stephen, which retakes the city and restores Byzantine control. The fleet, however, is struck by a storm on its way back and loses many ships, while the Chersonites, again with the aid of the Khazars, rebel anew.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340807117#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "710", "revid": 1340807117, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 754, "year_label": "754 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 28", "text": "July 28 – Pope Stephen II re-consecrates Pepin III (the Short) as king of the Franks, at the Basilica of Saint-Denis outside Paris, bestowing upon him the additional title of Patricius of the Romans. This marks the first recorded crowning of a civil ruler by a pope. Pepin assumes the role of ordained protector of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360259946#Europe", "title": "754", "revid": 1360259946, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 802, "year_label": "802 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 31", "text": "October 31 – Empress Irene is deposed after a 5-year reign, and banished to Lesbos. High-ranking patricians place Nikephoros, the minister of finance (logothetes tou genikou), on the throne. He is crowned in the Hagia Sophia at Constantinople, by Patriarch Tarasios, as emperor of the Byzantine Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848783#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "802", "revid": 1340848783, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 958, "year_label": "958 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Mastalus II, duke and patrician of Amalfi (Italy)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364468198#Deaths", "title": "958", "revid": 1364468198, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 971, "year_label": "971 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Kalokyros, Byzantine patrician and pretender", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364918921#Deaths", "title": "971", "revid": 1364918921, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1070, "year_label": "1070 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Bisantius Guirdeliku, Italian nobleman (patrikios)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327891061#Deaths", "title": "1070", "revid": 1327891061, "section": "Deaths"}}]}