{"slug": "pennsylvania", "label": "Pennsylvania", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1400", "qid": "Q1400", "description": "state of the United States of America", "entries": 39, "years": 31, "span": [1681, 2024], "span_label": ["1681 CE", "2024 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 11}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "philadelphia", "label": "Philadelphia", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "american-revolutionary-war", "label": "American Revolutionary War", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lenape", "label": "Lenape", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pittsburgh", "label": "Pittsburgh", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "president-of-the-united-states", "label": "President of the United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "donald-trump", "label": "Donald Trump", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states-senate", "label": "United States Senate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-great-britain", "label": "Kingdom of Great Britain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "benjamin-franklin", "label": "Benjamin Franklin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-ii-of-england", "label": "Charles II of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "u-s-state", "label": "U.S. state", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "virginia", "label": "Virginia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Havertown and Bryn Mawr are founded in Pennsylvania by Welsh Quakers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#Date_unknown", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1681, "year_label": "1681 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – In order to settle a debt of £16,000, King Charles II of England grants a land charter to William Penn, for territory west of Delaware River in America between 40° N and 42° N, later to be called Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361310073#January–March", "title": "1681", "revid": 1361310073, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The Richard Wall House, believed to be the longest continuously inhabited residence in the US, is built in Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#Date_unknown", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded by William Penn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#October–December", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1722, "year_label": "1722 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Pennsylvania colony enacts a statute, requiring all persons importing any person previously convicted of sodomy, to pay £5 for each such incoming person.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365128046#April–June", "title": "1722", "revid": 1365128046, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1742, "year_label": "1742 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 5", "text": "October 5 – Pennsylvania's Colonial Governor George Thomas bars citizens from settling in Lancaster County, or west of the Blue Mountains.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360184270#October–December", "title": "1742", "revid": 1360184270, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – At a summit in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the British colonies of Virginia, Maryland and Pennsylvania conclude a treaty with the Six Nations, conceding that the member tribes are entitled to the territory west of the Appalachian mountains and north of the Ohio River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#July–September", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – The Pennsylvania Hospital, first hospital in the American colonies, is chartered in Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania legislature, which grants the right to Benjamin Franklin and to Dr. Thomas Bond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#April–June", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1755, "year_label": "1755 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 16", "text": "October 16 – The Penn's Creek massacre is carried out against white settlers who have moved into the Susquehanna Valley in the Pennsylvania colony, in territory also claimed by the Delaware Indians. The Delawares attack the Penn's Creek village, located near what is now Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, and kill 25 of the 26 men, women and children living there.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360194188#October–December", "title": "1755", "revid": 1360194188, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1758, "year_label": "1758 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Seven Years' War – French and Indian War: Mary Campbell is abducted from her home in Pennsylvania by members of the Lenape Nation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366206062#April–June", "title": "1758", "revid": 1366206062, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Teedyuscung, known as the \"King of the Delaware Indians\" (the Lenape tribe) is assassinated by arsonists who burn down his home in Pennsylvania while he is sleeping, in an apparent retaliation for signing the Treaty of Easton to relinquish Lenape claims to the Province of New Jersey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#April–June", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1763, "year_label": "1763 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Pontiac's War: Battle of Bushy Run – British forces led by Henry Bouquet defeat Chief Pontiac's Indians at Bushy Run, in the Pennsylvania backcountry.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360202149#July–September", "title": "1763", "revid": 1360202149, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1765, "year_label": "1765 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – After completing the portion of the Mason–Dixon line marking the semi-circular boundary between Pennsylvania and Delaware, English surveyors Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon begin the two-and-a-half-year process of plotting out the 230-mile boundary between Pennsylvania and Maryland along the latitude of 39°43′20″ N.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373039097#April–June", "title": "1765", "revid": 1373039097, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – American Revolutionary War – Battle of Brandywine: The British gain a major victory in Chester County, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1778, "year_label": "1778 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – American Revolutionary War: Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben arrives at Valley Forge, Pennsylvania and begins to train the American troops.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371073991#January–March", "title": "1778", "revid": 1371073991, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1780, "year_label": "1780 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 1", "text": "March 1 – The legislature of Pennsylvania votes, 34 to 21, to approve An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370564554#January–March", "title": "1780", "revid": 1370564554, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – Pennsylvania becomes the second U.S. state.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#October–December", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Arthur St. Clair of Pennsylvania is chosen as the new President of the Congress of the Confederation.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#January–March", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 3", "text": "March 3 – By a vote of 33 to 29, Harrisburg is approved as the new capital of Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#January–March", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1789, "year_label": "1789 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – At Federal Hall, the United States Senate attains its first quorum, and elects John Langdon of Pennsylvania as its first president pro tempore. Later that day, the Senate and the House of Representatives meet in joint session for the first time, and the electoral votes of the first U.S. presidential election are counted. General George Washington is certified as president-elect, and John Adams is certified as vice-president elect.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818853#April–June", "title": "1789", "revid": 1368818853, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Insurance Company of North America (later Chubb) is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#Date_unknown", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "George Anschutz constructs the first blast furnace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#Date_unknown", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1812, "year_label": "1812 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – The capital of the U.S. state of Pennsylvania is permanently moved from Lancaster to Harrisburg.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364673712#October–December", "title": "1812", "revid": 1364673712, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1848, "year_label": "1848 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Geneva College (Pennsylvania) is founded as Geneva Hall in Northwood, Logan County, Ohio.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370038858#Date_unknown", "title": "1848", "revid": 1370038858, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – The Great Train Wreck (the worst railroad calamity in the world to date) occurs near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#July–September", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 21", "text": "March 21 – Pennsylvania issues the charter establishing the Zoological Society of Philadelphia, the first organization of its kind in the United States, and founder of the nation's first zoo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#January–March", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1869, "year_label": "1869 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "Heinz, as predecessor of Kraft Heinz, a worldwide food processing and cheese brand, founded in Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360511845#Date_unknown", "title": "1869", "revid": 1360511845, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – The Centennial Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#November", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Johnstown Flood: The South Fork Dam collapses in western Pennsylvania, killing more than 2,200 people in and around Johnstown, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367594292#May", "title": "1889", "revid": 1367594292, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1897, "year_label": "1897 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – Lattimer massacre: A sheriff's posse kills 19 unarmed immigrant miners in Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362850810#September", "title": "1897", "revid": 1362850810, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1898, "year_label": "1898 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 3", "text": "October 3 – U.S. Senator Matthew Quay of Pennsylvania is arrested for conspiracy to defraud the People's Bank of Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367547011#October", "title": "1898", "revid": 1367547011, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Lackawanna Cut-Off railway line opens in New Jersey and Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#December", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – U.S. Army aviation pioneer Major Harold Geiger dies in the crash of his Airco DH.4 airplane, at Olmsted Field, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#May", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 2", "text": "October 2 – John Dalzell, U.S. Representative from Pennsylvania (b. 1845)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#September–October", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Deaths › September–October"}}, {"year": 1954, "year_label": "1954 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – The first mass vaccination of children against polio begins in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369212684#February", "title": "1954", "revid": 1369212684, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Forty-four tornadoes hit Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York and Ontario, including a rare and powerful F5. In total, the event kills 90 people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#May", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 4", "text": "April 4 – U.S. Senator John Heinz and six other people are killed when a helicopter collides with their plane over Merion, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#April", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – A large solar flare triggers an unusually large aurora as far south as Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#June", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 2024, "year_label": "2024 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – While campaigning for the 2024 United States presidential election, former President Donald Trump is shot in the right ear in an assassination attempt at a rally he held near Butler, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371869228#July", "title": "2024", "revid": 1371869228, "section": "Events › July"}}]}