{"slug": "pharaoh", "label": "Pharaoh", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharaoh", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37110", "qid": "Q37110", "description": "ruler of Ancient Egypt", "entries": 28, "years": 26, "span": [-2183, 1922], "span_label": ["2184 BCE", "1922 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Deaths", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "egypt", "label": "Egypt", "shared": 11}, {"slug": "eighteenth-dynasty-of-egypt", "label": "Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "memphis-egypt", "label": "Memphis, Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "upper-egypt", "label": "Upper Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cyprus", "label": "Cyprus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "queen-consort", "label": "Queen consort", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "achaemenid-empire", "label": "Achaemenid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nubia", "label": "Nubia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nile-delta", "label": "Nile Delta", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "artaxerxes-iii", "label": "Artaxerxes III", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -2183, "year_label": "2184 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. 2184 BC: Possible date for the death of Pharaoh Pepi II Neferkare of the Sixth Dynasty of Egypt, the longest reigning monarch of history with 94 years on the throne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895850#Events", "title": "22nd century BC", "revid": 1371895850, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1994, "year_label": "1995 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. 1995 BC: Pharaoh Mentuhotep II, Eleventh dynasty of Egypt dies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363833727#Events", "title": "20th century BC", "revid": 1363833727, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1879, "year_label": "1880 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "c. 1880 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret II starts to rule (other date is 1897 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363826027#Events", "title": "19th century BC", "revid": 1363826027, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1873, "year_label": "1874 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "c. 1874 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret III starts to rule (other date is 1878 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363826027#Events", "title": "19th century BC", "revid": 1363826027, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1873, "year_label": "1874 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. 1874 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret II dies (other date is 1878 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363826027#Events", "title": "19th century BC", "revid": 1363826027, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1854, "year_label": "1855 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. 1855 BC: Pharaoh Senwosret III dies (other date is 1839 BC).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363826027#Events", "title": "19th century BC", "revid": 1363826027, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1549, "year_label": "1550 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "1550 BC—Ahmose I becomes Pharaoh of Egypt (although only de facto ruler of Upper Egypt) according to the Low Chronology.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694621#Events_and_trends", "title": "1550s BC", "revid": 1361694621, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1544, "year_label": "1545 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "1545 BC—Ahmose I, Pharaoh and founder of the 18th Dynasty of Egypt, dies, according to the High Chronology.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354177679#Significant_people", "title": "1540s BC", "revid": 1354177679, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -1447, "year_label": "1448 BCE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "c. 1448 BC: The Gnbtyw people (Genebtyw or Genebtyu) first appear in Ganibatum during the 32nd year of the reign of Thutmose III, the sixth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151209#Events_and_trends", "title": "1440s BC", "revid": 1307151209, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1397, "year_label": "1398 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "1398 BC—Birth of Tiy to Egyptian nobleman Yuya and his wife Tjuyu. She later becomes the Chief Queen of Pharaoh Amenhotep III of Egypt and the matriarch of the Amarna family (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151215#Significant_people", "title": "1390s BC", "revid": 1307151215, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -1389, "year_label": "1390 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "c. 1390 BC—Pharaoh Amenhotep III (18th dynasty) starts to rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151215#Significant_people", "title": "1390s BC", "revid": 1307151215, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -1351, "year_label": "1352 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "c. 1352 BC – Amenhotep III (Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt) dies and is succeeded as Pharaoh by Amenhotep IV.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151220#Events_and_trends", "title": "1350s BC", "revid": 1307151220, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1340, "year_label": "1341 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "c. 1341 BC - Tutankhamun, Pharaoh of Egypt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151222#Births", "title": "1340s BC", "revid": 1307151222, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -1333, "year_label": "1334 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "1334 BC: Death of Akhenaten, Pharaoh of Egypt. Alternative date is 1333 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333173496#Significant_people", "title": "1330s BC", "revid": 1333173496, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -1333, "year_label": "1334 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "1334 BC: Death of Smenkhkare, Pharaoh of Egypt and co-ruler with Akhenaten. Alternative date is 1333 BC", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1333173496#Significant_people", "title": "1330s BC", "revid": 1333173496, "section": "Significant people"}}, {"year": -1322, "year_label": "1323 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "1323 BC – Death of Pharaoh Tutankhamun of Egypt. Ay succeeds him as pharaoh.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359672165#Events", "title": "1320s BC", "revid": 1359672165, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -1220, "year_label": "1221 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "1221 BC—Pharaoh Merneptah defeats a Libyan invasion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151239#Events_and_trends", "title": "1220s BC", "revid": 1307151239, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -1110, "year_label": "1111 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "1111 BC—Pharaoh Ramesses IX of Egypt dies, is buried in KV6, and succeeded by Ramesses X, possibly his son.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1307151259#Events_and_trends", "title": "1110s BC", "revid": 1307151259, "section": "Events and trends"}}, {"year": -886, "year_label": "887 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "887 BC—Soshenq II succeeds Osorkon I as king of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357668070#Events", "title": "880s BC", "revid": 1357668070, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -670, "year_label": "671 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "King Esarhaddon of Assyria defeats the Kushite-Egyptian army of Pharaoh Taharqa and captures Memphis, along with a number of the royal family. He sets up a new Assyrian administration in Lower Egypt and withdraws.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370510320#Events", "title": "671 BC", "revid": 1370510320, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": -392, "year_label": "393 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Nepherites I or Nefaarud I, Pharaoh of Egypt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363862420#Deaths", "title": "393 BC", "revid": 1363862420, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -389, "year_label": "390 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Pharaoh of Egypt, Hakor (Akoris), concludes a tripartite alliance with Evagoras, king of Cyprus, and Athens.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367650562#Egypt", "title": "390 BC", "revid": 1367650562, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -379, "year_label": "380 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "The Egyptian Pharaoh Hakor dies and is succeeded by his son Nepherites II, but the latter is overthrown by Nectanebo I within the year, ending the Twenty-ninth dynasty of Egypt. Nectanabo (or more properly Nekhtnebef) becomes the first Pharaoh of the Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372504979#Egypt", "title": "380 BC", "revid": 1372504979, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -342, "year_label": "343 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The King of Persia, Artaxerxes III, personally leads the Persian forces invading Egypt. The Persians are keen to access Egypt's gold and corn supplies. The town of Pelusium in the Nile Delta puts up resistance, but Pharaoh Nectanebo II is forced to retreat to Memphis. As the situation deteriorates, Nectanebo II leaves for exile in Nubia. His departure marks the end of the 30th Dynasty, the last native house to rule Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172730#Persian_Empire", "title": "343 BC", "revid": 1354172730, "section": "Events › By place › Persian Empire"}}, {"year": -203, "year_label": "204 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy IV Philopator, king (Pharaoh) of Egypt", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300115585#Deaths", "title": "204 BC", "revid": 1300115585, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -198, "year_label": "199 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ancient Egyptian Pharaoh Ankhwennefer succeeds Horwennefer in Upper Egypt, Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358812686#Egypt", "title": "199 BC", "revid": 1358812686, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -43, "year_label": "44 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 – Pharaoh Cleopatra VII of Egypt declares her son co-ruler as Ptolemy XV Caesarion.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159803#Roman_Republic", "title": "44 BC", "revid": 1362159803, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 26", "text": "November 26 – Howard Carter and Lord Carnarvon become the first people to see inside KV62, the tomb of Pharaoh Tutankhamun, in over 3,000 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#November", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › November"}}]}