{"slug": "philadelphia", "label": "Philadelphia", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1345", "qid": "Q1345", "description": "largest city in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania and seat of Philadelphia County", "entries": 50, "years": 39, "span": [-2299, 1986], "span_label": ["2300 BCE", "1986 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 14}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 13}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 4}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 4}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 4}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "benjamin-franklin", "label": "Benjamin Franklin", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "pennsylvania", "label": "Pennsylvania", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "george-washington", "label": "George Washington", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "province-of-pennsylvania", "label": "Province of Pennsylvania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "continental-congress", "label": "Continental Congress", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "united-states-constitution", "label": "United States Constitution", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "june", "label": "June", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "iraq", "label": "Iraq", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "boston", "label": "Boston", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -2299, "year_label": "2300 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "c. 2300 BC – 2184 BC: The Disc of Enheduanna, from Ur (modern Muqaiyir, Iraq) is made. It is now in the University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371895841#Events", "title": "23rd century BC", "revid": 1371895841, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 27", "text": "October 27 – The city of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania is founded by William Penn.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#October–December", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – Representatives of the heirs of William Penn and of Lord Baltimore, the respective owners of most of the land in the Province of Pennsylvania and the Province of Maryland set out the boundary between the two future U.S. states after a survey determines that Philadelphia is located on the Maryland side of the border. The dispute eventually leads to a lawsuit and the eventual survey by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon to determine the Mason–Dixon line.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#April–June", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1736, "year_label": "1736 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Benjamin Franklin builds the first volunteer fire company in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559528#October–December", "title": "1736", "revid": 1360559528, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1737, "year_label": "1737 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Benjamin Franklin creates the Philadelphia Police Force – the first city-paid force.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367176390#Date_unknown", "title": "1737", "revid": 1367176390, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1743, "year_label": "1743 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Benjamin Franklin's view of a lunar eclipse from Philadelphia is spoiled by a rainstorm; several days later, he learns that residents of Boston received the same storm hours after the eclipse, demonstrating that weather moves from west to east.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360887949#October–December", "title": "1743", "revid": 1360887949, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1748, "year_label": "1748 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 26", "text": "August 26 – The first Lutheran Church body in America is founded at a conference in Philadelphia, organized by German-born evangelist Henry Muhlenberg and attended by pastors of orthodox and pious Lutheran communities. The two groups agree to create a common liturgy to govern public worship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361284371#July–September", "title": "1748", "revid": 1361284371, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – The University of Pennsylvania, conceived 12 years earlier by Benjamin Franklin and its other trustees to provide non-denominational higher education \"to train young people for leadership in business, government and public service\". rather than for the ministry, holds its first classes as \"The Academy and Charitable School in the Province of Pennsylvania\" in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#January–March", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1751, "year_label": "1751 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "May 11", "text": "May 11 – The Pennsylvania Hospital, first hospital in the American colonies, is chartered in Philadelphia by the Pennsylvania legislature, which grants the right to Benjamin Franklin and to Dr. Thomas Bond.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351037611#April–June", "title": "1751", "revid": 1351037611, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1752, "year_label": "1752 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital in the United States, and the first to offer medical treatment to the mentally ill, admits its first patients at a temporary location in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362993688#January–March", "title": "1752", "revid": 1362993688, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1754, "year_label": "1754 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – Pennsylvania becomes the first of the British colonies to address Benjamin Franklin's Albany Plan for an inter-colonial union. With Franklin absent from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania's House of Representatives votes against to not consider the Plan at all, and to not refer it to the next legislative session for debate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360193273#July–September", "title": "1754", "revid": 1360193273, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1759, "year_label": "1759 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – In Philadelphia, the first American life insurance company is incorporated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354612770#January–March", "title": "1759", "revid": 1354612770, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1766, "year_label": "1766 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – The Pennsylvania Gazette reports that a British sloop off Wilmington, North Carolina, has seized a sloop sailing from Philadelphia, and another sailing from Saint Christopher, on the charge of carrying official documents without stamps. In response, local residents threaten to burn a Royal Man-of-War attempting to deliver stamps to Wilmington, forcing the ship to return to the mouth of the Cape Fear River.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358061260#January–March", "title": "1766", "revid": 1358061260, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 26", "text": "October 26 – The first Continental Congress adjourns in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#October–December", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1774, "year_label": "1774 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – The First Continental Congress assembles in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560805#July–September", "title": "1774", "revid": 1369560805, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – The Fourth Continental Congress, with John Hancock as president, begins a 199 day session in Philadelphia, lasting until September 18.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#January–March", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1777, "year_label": "1777 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – American Revolutionary War – British troops occupy Philadelphia; members of the Continental Congress flee to Lancaster, Pennsylvania, where they meet and hold a one day session as the Fifth Congress before fleeing again.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349829024#July–December", "title": "1777", "revid": 1349829024, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1779, "year_label": "1779 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 4", "text": "October 4 – The Fort Wilson Riot against James Wilson and others in Philadelphia takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567590#October–December", "title": "1779", "revid": 1370567590, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1785, "year_label": "1785 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 13", "text": "September 13 – Benjamin Franklin returns to Philadelphia after seven years as the U.S. Ambassador to France and prepares to take office as the new Governor of Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370566385#July–September", "title": "1785", "revid": 1370566385, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "A fossil bone recovered from Cretaceous strata at Woodbury, New Jersey is discussed by the American Philosophical Society in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#Date_unknown", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – In Philadelphia, delegates begin arriving for a Constitutional Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#April–June", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – In Philadelphia, delegates begin to convene the Constitutional Convention, intended to amend the Articles of Confederation (however, a new United States Constitution is eventually produced). George Washington presides over the Convention.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#April–June", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1787, "year_label": "1787 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – The United States Constitution is signed by the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370561702#July–September", "title": "1787", "revid": 1370561702, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 6", "text": "December 6 – The United States Congress opens its first session in the new temporary U.S. capital in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#October–December", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1790, "year_label": "1790 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – U.S. President George Washington and his wife, Martha Washington, arrive in the new temporary U.S. capital, Philadelphia, and take up residence at the President's House located at 524 Market Street.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361336081#October–December", "title": "1790", "revid": 1361336081, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1792, "year_label": "1792 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Insurance Company of North America (later Chubb) is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359853540#Date_unknown", "title": "1792", "revid": 1359853540, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1–November 9 – The yellow fever epidemic of 1793 hits Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; 5,000 die.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#July–December", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › July–December"}}, {"year": 1793, "year_label": "1793 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 4", "text": "March 4 – George Washington is sworn in as the president of the United States in Philadelphia, for his second term.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358426983#January–June", "title": "1793", "revid": 1358426983, "section": "Events › January–June"}}, {"year": 1816, "year_label": "1816 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 30", "text": "March 30–April 11 – In Philadelphia, the African Methodist Episcopal Church is established by Richard Allen and other African-American Methodists, the first such denomination in the U.S. completely independent of White churches.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363267979#April–June", "title": "1816", "revid": 1363267979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1826, "year_label": "1826 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 4", "text": "February 4 – James Fenimore Cooper's novel The Last of the Mohicans is first printed, by a publisher in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373386632#January–March", "title": "1826", "revid": 1373386632, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1837, "year_label": "1837 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 25", "text": "February 25 – In Philadelphia, the Institute for Colored Youth (ICY) is founded, as the first institution for the higher education of black people in the United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360323585#January–March", "title": "1837", "revid": 1360323585, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – In Philadelphia, the American Medical Association (AMA) is founded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362575777#April–June", "title": "1847", "revid": 1362575777, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1851, "year_label": "1851 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 15", "text": "September 15 – Saint Joseph's University is founded in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358777790#July–September", "title": "1851", "revid": 1358777790, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – The American Know Nothing Party convenes in Philadelphia to nominate their first Presidential candidate, former President Millard Fillmore.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#January–March", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1856, "year_label": "1856 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – The Great Train Wreck (the worst railroad calamity in the world to date) occurs near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371140008#July–September", "title": "1856", "revid": 1371140008, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "June", "text": "June – The United States Sanitary Commission's Sanitary Fair in Philadelphia takes place.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#June", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1866, "year_label": "1866 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Marcus Jastrow arrives in the United States to become rabbi of Congregation Rodeph Shalom in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368829327#Date_unknown", "title": "1866", "revid": 1368829327, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "May 10", "text": "May 10 – The Centennial Exposition begins in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#May", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – The Centennial Exposition ends in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#November", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – The American Library Association is founded in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#October", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – Drexel University is inaugurated as the Drexel Institute of Art, Science and Industry in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#December", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 11", "text": "September 11 – The Pennsylvania Railroad begins electrified commuter rail service between Paoli and Philadelphia, using overhead AC trolley wires for power. This type of system is later used in long-distance passenger trains between New York City, Washington, D.C., and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#September", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1918, "year_label": "1918 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – The United States Post Office Department begins the world's third regular airmail service, between New York City, Philadelphia and Washington, D.C.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373520023#May", "title": "1918", "revid": 1373520023, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – United States politics: The Republican Party begins its national convention in Philadelphia, and nominates Wendell Willkie as its candidate for president.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#June", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1948, "year_label": "1948 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – The American Broadcasting Company (otherwise known as ABC) begins television services, on WFIL-TV in Philadelphia (later WPVI-TV).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371784888#April", "title": "1948", "revid": 1371784888, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1959, "year_label": "1959 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 4", "text": "July 4 – With the admission of Alaska as the 49th U.S. state earlier in the year, the 49-star flag of the United States debuts in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370221732#July", "title": "1959", "revid": 1370221732, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1972, "year_label": "1972 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – The Oakland Athletics defeat the Cincinnati Reds four games to three to capture Major League Baseball's World Series. It is the Athletics' first championship since 1930, when the franchise was in Philadelphia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371514417#October", "title": "1972", "revid": 1371514417, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 27", "text": "July 27 – Delegates attending an American Legion convention at The Bellevue-Stratford Hotel in Philadelphia, US, begin falling ill with a form of pneumonia: this will eventually be recognised as the first outbreak of Legionnaires' disease and will end in the deaths of 29 attendees.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#July", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1985, "year_label": "1985 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "July 13", "text": "July 13 – Live Aid benefit concerts in London and Philadelphia raise over £50 million for famine relief in Ethiopia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369963057#July", "title": "1985", "revid": 1369963057, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1986, "year_label": "1986 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 31", "text": "August 31 – The cargo ship Khian Sea departs from the docks of Philadelphia, carrying 14,000 tons of toxic waste. It wanders the seas for the next 16 months trying to find a place to dump its cargo. The waste is later dumped in Haiti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373510075#August", "title": "1986", "revid": 1373510075, "section": "Events › August"}}]}