{"slug": "pontus-region", "label": "Pontus (region)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontus_%28region%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621672", "qid": "Q621672", "description": "region in the eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey", "entries": 12, "years": 12, "span": [-436, 626], "span_label": ["437 BCE", "626 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "byzantine-army", "label": "Byzantine army", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cappadocia", "label": "Cappadocia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "shahrbaraz", "label": "Shahrbaraz", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "turkey", "label": "Turkey", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "heraclius", "label": "Heraclius", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "asia-minor", "label": "Asia Minor", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "black-sea", "label": "Black Sea", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "armenia", "label": "Armenia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sassanid-empire", "label": "Sassanid Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "chalcedon", "label": "Chalcedon", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -436, "year_label": "437 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Pericles, concerned for Athenian trade with Greek settlements to the East, and in order to counteract a new and possibly threatening Thracian–Scythian alliance, leads Athens' fleet to Pontus on the Black Sea and establishes friendly relations with the Greek cities of the region.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1312957840#Greece", "title": "437 BC", "revid": 1312957840, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -130, "year_label": "131 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Mithridates VI Eupator – king of Pontus (c.120-63 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354421595#Births", "title": "131 BC", "revid": 1354421595, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -36, "year_label": "37 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Antony reorganizes Asia Minor under strongmen loyal to him. He raises troops from his allies: Amyntas and Archelaus, kings of Galatia and Cappadocia. The old kingdom of Pontus is restored, from Armenia to the River Halys under Polemon I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862706#Roman_Republic", "title": "37 BC", "revid": 1325862706, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 256, "year_label": "256 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": null, "text": "The great pandemic of the Roman world strikes violently in Pontus on the Black Sea, and causes enormous loss of life in Alexandria, encouraging thousands to embrace Christianity.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188385#Medicine", "title": "256", "revid": 1371188385, "section": "Events › By topic › Medicine"}}, {"year": 315, "year_label": "315 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Flavius Hannibalianus, ruler of Armenia and Pontus (d. 337)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330160516#Births", "title": "315", "revid": 1330160516, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 335, "year_label": "335 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Hannibalianus, nephew of Constantine I, is made Rex Regum (\"King of Kings of the Pontic people\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351653069#Roman_Empire", "title": "335", "revid": 1351653069, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 337, "year_label": "337 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Hannibalianus, king of the Pontus and nephew of Constantine I (executed)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342549552#Deaths", "title": "337", "revid": 1342549552, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 499, "year_label": "499 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "September", "text": "September – The 499 Nicopolis earthquake takes place in the borders between the regions of Mesopotamia, Pontus, and Roman Armenia. It affects the cities of Nicopolis, Neocaesarea (modern Niksar), Arsamosata, and Abarne, as well as the cultural areas of Anatolia (Asia Minor) and Mesopotamia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367503464#Middle_East", "title": "499", "revid": 1367503464, "section": "Events › By place › Middle East"}}, {"year": 622, "year_label": "622 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Issus: Heraclius defeats the Persian forces under Shahrbaraz in Cappadocia. He recaptures Anatolia, but returns to Constantinople to deal with the threat posed to his Balkan domains by the Avars, and puts the Byzantine army into winter quarters in Pontus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368342469#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "622", "revid": 1368342469, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 623, "year_label": "623 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine–Sassanid War: Emperor Heraclius invades Armenia, leaving his son Constantine (age 11) and co-regent Bonus to defend Constantinople against the Persians still at Chalcedon (modern Turkey). He sails with 5,000 reinforcements to join the Byzantine army at Trapezus. Raising additional forces in Pontus, Heraclius strikes through the mountains of Armenia and the northern sub-Caucasian principalities. He plunders Media (Azerbaijan), and avoids the Persian armies who attempt to trap him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364763007#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "623", "revid": 1364763007, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 625, "year_label": "625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Sarus: Heraclius is victorious in a Byzantine assault river crossing. The reinforced Persians under Shahrbaraz are defeated along the Sarus River, near Adana (modern Turkey). Heraclius recaptures Cappadocia and Pontus, and returns to Trapezus to spend the winter. Shahrbaraz retreats in good order, and is able to continue his advance through Asia Minor towards Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340803472#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "625", "revid": 1340803472, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 626, "year_label": "626 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – The Avars and Persian allies under Shahrbaraz launch an attack along the entire length of the Theodosian Walls (about 5.7 kilometres); the main effort is concentrated against the central section, particularly the low-lying mesoteichion. After a fierce infantry battle on the walls, the Byzantine army holds off many assaults on the city. Emperor Heraclius makes arrangements for a new army under his brother Theodore to operate against the Persians in western Anatolia, while he returns to his own army in Pontus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352126742#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "626", "revid": 1352126742, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}]}