{"slug": "pope-alexander-iii", "label": "Pope Alexander III", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Alexander_III", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160116", "qid": "Q160116", "description": "pope of the Catholic Church from 1159 to 1181", "entries": 20, "years": 18, "span": [1159, 1181], "span_label": ["1159 CE", "1181 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 17}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "thomas-becket", "label": "Thomas Becket", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "diocese-of-canterbury", "label": "Diocese of Canterbury", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "march", "label": "March", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "henry-ii-of-england", "label": "Henry II of England", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tuscany", "label": "Tuscany", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "europe", "label": "Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "catholicism", "label": "Catholicism", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1159, "year_label": "1159 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 7", "text": "September 7 – Pope Alexander III succeeds Pope Adrian IV, as the 170th pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561551#Events", "title": "1159", "revid": 1369561551, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1160, "year_label": "1160 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – Erik IX Jedvardsson of Sweden is murdered, after which his murderer Magnus Henriksen proclaims himself king of Sweden as Magnus II. He is murdered in turn the following year, however. Erik is soon worshipped as a saint. Though never formally canonized by Pope Alexander III, he eventually becomes the patron saint of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371224699#Europe", "title": "1160", "revid": 1371224699, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1161, "year_label": "1161 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "late summer/early autumn – Géza II of Hungary and the envoys of Pope Alexander III conclude the Concordat of 1161, by which Géza agrees to support the Pope in exchange for concessions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300116018#Europe", "title": "1161", "revid": 1300116018, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1162, "year_label": "1162 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 3", "text": "June 3 – King Henry II has his chancellor Thomas Becket elected to succeed the late Theobald of Bec as archbishop of Canterbury. He accepts the pallium sent by Pope Alexander III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184511#England", "title": "1162", "revid": 1369184511, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1163, "year_label": "1163 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March / April (traditional date) – The first stone of the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris is set by Pope Alexander III during the reign of Louis VII of France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359581472#Events", "title": "1163", "revid": 1359581472, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1164, "year_label": "1164 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – Uppsala is recognized as the seat of the Swedish metropolitan, with the coronation of its first archbishop Stefan, by Pope Alexander III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362164526#Religion", "title": "1164", "revid": 1362164526, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1165, "year_label": "1165 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos makes an alliance with Venice against Holy Roman Emperor Frederick Barbarossa, who takes an oath at the Diet of Würzburg to support Antipope Paschal III against Pope Alexander III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483614#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1165", "revid": 1362483614, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1167, "year_label": "1167 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Oath of Pontida: Supported by Pope Alexander III, the Lombard League is founded, a military alliance between the municipalities of Milan, Lodi, Ferrara, Piacenza and Parma, against the German invading forces of Emperor Frederick I (Barbarossa) in Northern Italy. The League (with other Italian cities) openly challenges Frederick's claim to power (Honor Imperii).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361983030#Europe", "title": "1167", "revid": 1361983030, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1169, "year_label": "1169 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Stephen III of Hungary concludes a concordat with Pope Alexander III, renouncing his right of investiture.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367314843#Europe", "title": "1169", "revid": 1367314843, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Alexander III addresses a series of letters to the backward Swedish church. He wants to impose the strict canonical requirements on the Swedes, that is, the ecclesiastical legal system. Due to being Christianized in 1050, Sweden is having trouble to fully adapt to the Catholicism that is preached and acted on in Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#Religion", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1170, "year_label": "1170 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – King Henry II has his 15-year-old son, Henry the Young King, crowned by Roger, Archbishop of York, as junior king and heir to the English throne. The coronation drives Pope Alexander III to allow the exiled Thomas Becket (whose privilege as Archbishop of Canterbury to crown English monarchs has been infringed) to lay an interdict on England as punishment, and this threat forces Henry to negotiate with Becket. Sir William Marshal is appointed tutor-in-arms to Henry the Young King.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488642#England", "title": "1170", "revid": 1367488642, "section": "Events › By place › England"}}, {"year": 1172, "year_label": "1172 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27–28 – Compromise of Avranches: Alberto di Morra is sent by Pope Alexander III to the Council of Avranches to investigate the Becket controversy. Henry II is absolved of censures for Becket's murder in view of his penance and swears to go on a crusade. He revokes two controversial clauses of the Constitutions of Clarendon and is reconciled with the papacy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184481#Religion", "title": "1172", "revid": 1369184481, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1173, "year_label": "1173 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Thomas Becket is canonized by Pope Alexander III. His tomb in Canterbury Cathedral becomes a shrine and a popular pilgrimage destination.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300112960#Religion", "title": "1173", "revid": 1300112960, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1174, "year_label": "1174 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Pope Alexander III consecrates Richard of Dover as archbishop of Canterbury at Anagni. Richard returns to England bearing his pallium which he has received directly from the pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362171775#Religion", "title": "1174", "revid": 1362171775, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1176, "year_label": "1176 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Autumn – Frederick I makes peace with Pope Alexander III and recognizes his legitimacy as pope of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366532887#Religion", "title": "1176", "revid": 1366532887, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March – Treaty of Venice: Frederick I Barbarossa acknowledges Alexander III as Pope, after a diplomatic mediation by Venetian doge Sebastiano Ziani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#January–December", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 27", "text": "September 27 – Pope Alexander III sends a letter to Prester John, believing he is real.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#January–December", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1178, "year_label": "1178 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Antipope Callixtus III submits to Pope Alexander III after having reigned for 10 years with support from Frederick I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362170417#Religion", "title": "1178", "revid": 1362170417, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1179, "year_label": "1179 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Afonso I (the Conqueror) is recognized as King of Portugal by Pope Alexander III – bringing Portugal the protection of the Catholic Church against the Leonese monarchy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363299926#Europe", "title": "1179", "revid": 1363299926, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1181, "year_label": "1181 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 30", "text": "August 30 – Pope Alexander III dies after a 22-year pontificate at Rome. He is succeeded by the Tuscany-born Lucius III as the 171st pope of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360570363#Religion", "title": "1181", "revid": 1360570363, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}]}