{"slug": "pope-boniface-viii", "label": "Pope Boniface VIII", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Boniface_VIII", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q134646", "qid": "Q134646", "description": "pope of the Catholic Church from 1294 to 1303", "entries": 20, "years": 12, "span": [1235, 1311], "span_label": ["1235 CE", "1311 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 16}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "philip-iv-of-france", "label": "Philip IV of France", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "pope-clement-v", "label": "Pope Clement V", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france", "label": "France", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "paris", "label": "Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "france-in-the-middle-ages", "label": "France in the Middle Ages", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "navarre", "label": "Navarre", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "notre-dame-de-paris", "label": "Notre-Dame de Paris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sicily", "label": "Sicily", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-land", "label": "Holy Land", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1235, "year_label": "1235 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Pope Boniface VIII (approximate date; d. 1303)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362483906#Births", "title": "1235", "revid": 1362483906, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Edward I of England and Philip the Fair of France declare war on each other. To finance this war, both kings lay taxes on the clergy. Pope Boniface VIII insists that kings gain papal consent for taxation of the clergy, and forbids churchmen to pay taxes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1294, "year_label": "1294 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – Pope Boniface VIII succeeds Pope Celestine V, becoming the 193rd pope, after Celestine V abdicates the papacy on December 13, only five months after reluctantly accepting his surprise election on July 5, wishing to return to his life as an ascetic hermit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360182245#Europe", "title": "1294", "revid": 1360182245, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Treaty of Anagni: Pope Boniface VIII arranges a peace treaty between King Philip IV of France (\"the Fair\"), Charles II of Naples (\"the Lame\"), and James II of Majorca. James returns Sicily to the Papal States, seeking to bring peace between the Capetian House of Anjou and the Kingdom of Sicily; the effort is in vain. Boniface is determined to put an end to the War of the Sicilian Vespers, because he wants to declare a new Crusade for the reconquest of the Holy Land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1296, "year_label": "1296 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 5", "text": "February 5 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull, Clericis laicos, stating that, without authority from the Holy See, Kings and other monarchs couldn't take income from the church. This bull was made in retaliation against King Philip IV raising taxes on the church", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368372269#January–December", "title": "1296", "revid": 1368372269, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – Stefano Colonna, Italian chief magistrate and papal official, captures the treasure of the tomb of Caecilia Metella near Rome, which is sent by the rival Caetani family to Pope Boniface VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#Religion", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Boniface VIII issues the decretal Periculoso, requiring all nuns to be in enclosed orders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Religion", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 27", "text": "June 27 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull \"Scimus, Fili\" condemning Edward I of England's invasion and occupation of Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Religion", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – Pope Boniface VIII issues the papal bull Ausculta Fili (\"Listen, my son\"), accusing King Philip IV of France (\"Philip the Fair\") of malfeasance of office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#October–_December", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › October– December"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Nicola Boccasini, who will become Pope Benedict XI in 1303, begins his duties as the Roman Catholic apostolic legate to Hungary, having been appointed as the personal representative of Pope Boniface VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#April–_June", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › April– June"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Charles of Valois, son of the late King Philip III (\"Philip the Bold\"), is summoned to Italy by Pope Boniface VIII to restore peace between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. He enters Florence, and allows the Neri (\"Black Guelphs\") to return to the city. Charles installs a new government under Cante dei Gabrielli as Chief Magistrate (podestà), leading to the permanent exile of Dante Alighieri, Italian poet and philosopher, from the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#October–_December", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › October– December"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – The first meeting of the Estates General in France is convened King Philip IV (\"Philip the Fair\") at the Notre-Dame in Paris. During the assembly, all three classes – the French nobles, clergy, and commons – discuss the conflict between Philip and Pope Boniface VIII over the papal legate, Bernard Saisset – who is accused to raise a rebellion of Occitan independence, associated with Navarre, under the banner of the County of Foix.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#April–June", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1302, "year_label": "1302 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 10", "text": "February 10 – The papal bull Ausculta Fili is delivered to Philip the Fair, King of France, but Robert II, Count of Artois, snatches the document from Jacques de Normans, the emissary of Pope Boniface VIII and burns the paper in a fire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362151248#January–March", "title": "1302", "revid": 1362151248, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome with the papal bull In Supremae praeminentia Dignitatis, as a Studium for ecclesiastical studies under his control, making it the first pontifical university.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#April–June", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 31", "text": "May 31 – Pope Boniface VIII orders the nullification of the election of Wenceslaus as King of Hungary, and declares that Károly Róbert, son of the late Hungarian king Charles Martel of Anjou, is the rightful claimant to the throne. The Pope also threatens Wenceslaus with excommunication from the Roman Catholic Church if Wenceslaus continues to style himself \"King of Hungary\". The decision causes a breakdown of Hungary between supporters of Wenceslaus and supporters of Károly.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#April–June", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Pope Boniface VIII dies while imprisoned at Anagni, after a pontificate of 8 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#October–December", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1303, "year_label": "1303 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Boniface VIII, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 1230)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360891664#Deaths", "title": "1303", "revid": 1360891664, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – At Avignon, Pope Clement V begins the investigation and posthumous trial of the late Pope Boniface VIII, who was accused of heresy and sodomy after his death in 1303, in papers circulated by Guillaume de Nogaret.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#January_–_March", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1309, "year_label": "1309 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 18", "text": "October 18 – At Avignon, Pope Clement V signs a mandate consenting \"for any persons who wanted to proceed against the memory of Boniface VIII to proceed\" and sends it to the Bishop of Paris for the posthumous trial of Boniface for heresy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359759809#October_–_December", "title": "1309", "revid": 1359759809, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 27", "text": "April 27 – Pope Clement V, having decided to let the Council of Vienne determine the question of whether the late Pope Boniface VIII had been guilty of heresy, officially excuses King Philip IV of France from any condemnation of Boniface.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#April_–_June", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › April – June"}}]}