{"slug": "pope-leo-x", "label": "Pope Leo X", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_X", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q49237", "qid": "Q49237", "description": "pope from 1513 to 1521 (1475-1521)", "entries": 14, "years": 10, "span": [1512, 1522], "span_label": ["1512 CE", "1522 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 13}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "pope-julius-ii", "label": "Pope Julius II", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "francis-i-of-france", "label": "Francis I of France", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "martin-luther", "label": "Martin Luther", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "florence", "label": "Florence", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "roman-catholic-church", "label": "Roman Catholic Church", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "bologna", "label": "Bologna", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "september", "label": "September", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "talmud", "label": "Talmud", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "st-peter-s-basilica", "label": "St. Peter's Basilica", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "manuel-i-of-portugal", "label": "Manuel I of Portugal", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1512, "year_label": "1512 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 1", "text": "September 1 – After being dispatched by Pope Julius II with command of a Spanish Army, General Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici recaptures the city of Florence (Firenze), capital of the Florentine Republic in Italy and ousts Piero Soderini as the ruling Gonfaloniere. The success at Florence spares the city of Rome from a French invasion. Within a year, Medici becomes leader of the Roman Catholic Church and the Papal States as Pope Leo X.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323795843#July–September", "title": "1512", "revid": 1323795843, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 28", "text": "June 28 – Pope Leo X sends a letter to Scotland's King James IV, threatening him with ecclesiastical censure or excommunication for breaking his peace treaties with England.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#April–June", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 9", "text": "March 9 – Cardinal Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici, the Apostolic Administrator of Amalfi but not ordained as a priest, is selected to succeed the late Pope Julius II as the 217th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church. After two days, the selection is announced to the public and Medici takes the name of Pope Leo X, despite a strong challenge by Italian cardinal Raffaele Riario and his group of seniors, or cardinals that were elected by Sixtus IV and Innocent VIII, who are opposed to the relatively newer juniors that includes Medici.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#January–March", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September", "text": "September – The dispute between Johann Reuchlin and Johannes Pfefferkorn concerning the Talmud and other Jewish books, is referred to Pope Leo X.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#July–September", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1514, "year_label": "1514 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 12", "text": "March 12 – A huge exotic embassy sent by King Manuel I of Portugal to Pope Leo X arrives in Rome, including Hanno, an Indian elephant.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369345340#January–March", "title": "1514", "revid": 1369345340, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – King Francis I of France, victorious in the battle of Marignano in Italy and the new ruler of Milan, begins four days of meetings in Bologna with Pope Leo X. King Francis agrees to ensure the Pope's authority over the Catholic Church in France, and Leo promises to support Francis' claim to the throne of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#October–December", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1515, "year_label": "1515 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 31", "text": "March 31 – Pope Leo X issues a papal bull, at the suggestion of the German cardinal Albert of Brandenburg, providing for a special indulgence on worshipers in four Roman Catholic dioceses in order to pay for construction of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, with half to be paid to Albert for services.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362498078#January–March", "title": "1515", "revid": 1362498078, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – King Francis I of France and Pope Leo X sign the Concordat of Bologna, agreeing on the relationship between church and state in France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#July–September", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1516, "year_label": "1516 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – After two months in Bologna, part of the Papal States in Italy, Pope Leo X concludes two months of negotiation with King François I of France. Their talks result in the abrogation of the French Pragmatic Sanction, and the conclusion of a new Concordat between the Papacy and France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368315851#January–March", "title": "1516", "revid": 1368315851, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1517, "year_label": "1517 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – In an unprecedented move, Pope Leo X increases the number of Roman Catholic cardinals, naming 31 people to the cardinalate including the Dutch-born Adriaan van Utrecht, bishop of Tortosa, who will later become Pope Adrian VI.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649067#July–September", "title": "1517", "revid": 1366649067, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1518, "year_label": "1518 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – At the request of Pope Leo X of the Roman Catholic Church, Martin Luther, father of the Protestant Reformation, writes a lengthy summary of his theology.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362000593#April–June", "title": "1518", "revid": 1362000593, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1520, "year_label": "1520 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Pope Leo X issues the bull Exsurge Domine (Arise O Lord), threatening Martin Luther with excommunication, if he does not recant his position on indulgences and other Catholic doctrines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367307705#April–June", "title": "1520", "revid": 1367307705, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1521, "year_label": "1521 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 3", "text": "January 3 – Pope Leo X excommunicates Martin Luther, in the papal bull Decet Romanum Pontificem.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369246997#January–March", "title": "1521", "revid": 1369246997, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1522, "year_label": "1522 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – The papal conclave to elect a successor to the late Pope Leo X is concluded as cardinal Adriaan Florensz Boeyens of the Netherlands, regent of Spain and bishop of Tortosa, is selected as a compromise candidate despite being absent from the proceedings. Cardinal Boeyens is proclaimed as Pope Adrian VI, the 218th pope and the last non-Italian pontiff for the next 450 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372799978#January–March", "title": "1522", "revid": 1372799978, "section": "Events › January–March"}}]}