{"slug": "pope", "label": "Pope", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19546", "qid": "Q19546", "description": "bishop of Rome and head of the Roman Catholic church", "entries": 26, "years": 26, "span": [365, 1988], "span_label": ["365 CE", "1988 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 23}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "archbishop", "label": "Archbishop", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "exarchate-of-ravenna", "label": "Exarchate of Ravenna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "liutprand-king-of-the-lombards", "label": "Liutprand, King of the Lombards", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-gregory-ii", "label": "Pope Gregory II", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "latium", "label": "Latium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-the-pious", "label": "Louis the Pious", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lothair-i", "label": "Lothair I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "francia", "label": "Francia", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 365, "year_label": "365 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Antipope Felix II dies after a 9-year reign, ending the double occupancy of the papacy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1286254673#Religion", "title": "AD 365", "revid": 1286254673, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 410, "year_label": "410 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Pope Gelasius I, Pope in Catholic church (d. 496)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367642022#Births", "title": "410", "revid": 1367642022, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 437, "year_label": "437 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "A synod at Constantinople attempts to impinge on the Pope's rights in Illyria. Proclus tries to implement the synod's decisions, and Pope Sixtus III reminds the Illyrian bishops of their obligations to his vicar at Thessaloniki.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349205048#Religion", "title": "437", "revid": 1349205048, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 495, "year_label": "495 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Gelasius I gains support from Italian bishops, in his assertion that the spiritual power of the papacy is superior to the emperor's temporal authority. Like his predecessors, the pope opposes the Byzantine emperor Anastasius I's efforts to establish Miaphysite doctrine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364907640#Religion", "title": "495", "revid": 1364907640, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 525, "year_label": "525 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Pope Benedict I, Pope of Catholic church (d. 579)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340792024#Births", "title": "525", "revid": 1340792024, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 680, "year_label": "680 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Wilfrid returns to Northumbria, with papal support, but is imprisoned by King Ecgfrith, and again exiled. He travels to the Kingdom of Sussex and begins to evangelise the people.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1331672551#Religion", "title": "680", "revid": 1331672551, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 728, "year_label": "728 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "King Liutprand of the Lombards occupies all of the Exarchate of Ravenna. He advances towards Rome along the Via Cassia, and is met at the city of Sutri by Pope Gregory II, near the borders of the Duchy of Rome. Liutprand signs the Donation of Sutri, by which parts of Latium are given to the papacy (the first extension of papal territory in Italy). This marks the historical foundation of the Papal States.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340808673#Europe", "title": "728", "revid": 1340808673, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 733, "year_label": "733 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Leo III confiscates the papal territories in Sicily and Calabria (Southern Italy), from which Pope Gregory III derives most of his income tax. He transfers ecclesiastical jurisdiction in the former Praetorian prefecture of Illyricum to Anastasius, patriarch of Constantinople. Gregory begins his support of a revolt in Italy against iconoclasm. By now the break between the papacy and the Byzantine Empire is almost complete.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340809659#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "733", "revid": 1340809659, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 740, "year_label": "740 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Duke Thrasimund II recovers the duchy of Spoleto and kills Hilderic with Papal-Beneventian aid. He does not return the confiscated papal cities, and his alliance with Pope Gregory III ruptures.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352534655#Europe", "title": "740", "revid": 1352534655, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 787, "year_label": "787 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Kings Offa of Mercia and Beorhtric of Wessex call the Synod of Chelsea in Kent, which is attended by the Papal legates. There, Offa persuades the Papacy to grant Archepiscopal status to the Mercian See of Lichfield. In order to secure the royal succession, he has Hygeberht crown his son Ecgfrith king of Mercia at Brixworth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369558832#Britain", "title": "AD 787", "revid": 1369558832, "section": "Events › By place › Britain"}}, {"year": 803, "year_label": "803 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 12", "text": "October 12 – The Synod of Clofesho (possibly Brixworth) is held, at which the Archbishopric of Lichfield is demoted to an ordinary bishopric, with papal permission obtained by King Coenwulf of Mercia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340848789#Religion", "title": "803", "revid": 1340848789, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 823, "year_label": "823 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 5", "text": "April 5 – Lothair I, eldest son of Emperor Louis I, is crowned co-emperor again by Pope Paschal I at Rome (initiating the papal practice of handing the imperial sword over, as a symbol of temporal power in the Holy Roman Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267073980#Europe", "title": "823", "revid": 1267073980, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 864, "year_label": "864 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Emperor Louis II (the Younger) marches with a Frankish army against Rome. While en route to the papal city, he becomes ill, and decides to make peace with Pope Nicholas I.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365939843#Europe", "title": "864", "revid": 1365939843, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1014, "year_label": "1014 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Nicene-Constantinopolitan Symbol of the Faith is used for the first time during the Roman Mass, after Henry II, the newly crowned Holy Roman Emperor, asks the Pope to add it – together with the filioque clause. Prior to this date, the Creed has not been used at all during the liturgy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1342212610#Religion", "title": "1014", "revid": 1342212610, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1177, "year_label": "1177 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March", "text": "March – Treaty of Venice: Frederick I Barbarossa acknowledges Alexander III as Pope, after a diplomatic mediation by Venetian doge Sebastiano Ziani.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1273054652#January–December", "title": "1177", "revid": 1273054652, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1192, "year_label": "1192 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Constance, Holy Roman Empress is released by Tancred, King of Sicily under the pressure of Pope Celestine III in May, and returns to Germany in June.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341214506#Events", "title": "1192", "revid": 1341214506, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1342, "year_label": "1342 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – Pope Clement VI succeeds Pope Benedict XII, as the 198th Pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358078138#January–December", "title": "1342", "revid": 1358078138, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1438, "year_label": "1438 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – Charles VII of France issues the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges, giving the French church control over the appointment of bishops, and depriving the Pope of French ecclesiastical revenues.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365935905#July–September", "title": "1438", "revid": 1365935905, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1498, "year_label": "1498 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Girolamo Savonarola, ruler of Florence, is executed for criticizing the Pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363338704#April–June", "title": "1498", "revid": 1363338704, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1596, "year_label": "1596 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 10", "text": "October 10 – The Union of Brest: The Ukrainian Church west of the Dnieper becomes known as the Ukrainian Rite of Catholicism, whereas the East officially renounces the authority of the Pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369722581#October–December", "title": "1596", "revid": 1369722581, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1604, "year_label": "1604 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 14", "text": "February 14 – King James of England denounces the Roman Catholic Church after learning from one of his spies, Sir Anthony Standen, that Queen Anne has been sent a rosary from the Pope.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348862771#January–March", "title": "1604", "revid": 1348862771, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1676, "year_label": "1676 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 21", "text": "September 21 – Pope Innocent XI succeeds Pope Clement X, as the 240th Pope of the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992596#July–September", "title": "1676", "revid": 1365992596, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1680, "year_label": "1680 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – The Green Ribbon Club, a predecessor of the British Whigs, organizes a procession to burn an effigy of the Pope in London for the second year running.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365997201#October–December", "title": "1680", "revid": 1365997201, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1896, "year_label": "1896 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Pope Leo XIII is filmed, making him the first ever Pope to be filmed and the earliest-born person to be captured on film. (Note: to view the event in the video above, go to timestamp 3:07)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364785538#Date_unknown", "title": "1896", "revid": 1364785538, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Pope Paul VI arrives in Entebbe, Uganda for the first visit by a reigning Pope to Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#July", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1988, "year_label": "1988 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – Roman Catholic Archbishop Marcel Lefebvre consecrates four bishops at Écône, Switzerland, for his apostolate, along with Bishop Antonio de Castro Mayer, without a papal mandate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373532411#June", "title": "1988", "revid": 1373532411, "section": "Events › June"}}]}