{"slug": "presidencies-and-provinces-of-british-india", "label": "Presidencies and provinces of British India", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presidencies_and_provinces_of_British_India", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2385925", "qid": "Q2385925", "description": "colonial divisions of the former British empire in India (1612–1947)", "entries": 14, "years": 13, "span": [1616, 1940], "span_label": ["1616 CE", "1940 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "also_known_as": ["British India"], "related": [{"slug": "bengal-presidency", "label": "Bengal Presidency", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pakistan", "label": "Pakistan", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "kolkata", "label": "Kolkata", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "india", "label": "India", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "warren-hastings", "label": "Warren Hastings", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mughal-empire", "label": "Mughal Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "colony-of-virginia", "label": "Colony of Virginia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jahangir", "label": "Jahangir", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "thomas-roe", "label": "Thomas Roe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "east-india-company", "label": "East India Company", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vijayanagara-empire", "label": "Vijayanagara Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tamil-nadu", "label": "Tamil Nadu", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "January 10", "text": "January 10 – English diplomat Sir Thomas Roe presents his credentials to the Mughal Emperor Jahangir, in Ajmer Fort, opening the door to the British presence in India. Roe sailed in the Lyon under the command of captain Christopher Newport, best known for his role in the Virginia colonies.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#January–February", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › January–February"}}, {"year": 1639, "year_label": "1639 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – The British East India Company buys a strip of land from King Peda Venkata Raya of the Vijayanagara Empire for the construction of Fort St. George, the first settlement of British India, so founding modern-day Chennai, capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu (celebrated as Madras Day).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360051116#July–September", "title": "1639", "revid": 1360051116, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1785, "year_label": "1785 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 9", "text": "February 9 – Sir Warren Hastings, who has been governing India on behalf of King George III as the Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William (later British India), resigns. Sir John Macpherson administers British India until General Charles Cornwallis arrives 19 months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370566385#January–March", "title": "1785", "revid": 1370566385, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1843, "year_label": "1843 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Battle of Hyderabad: The Bombay Army, led by Major General Sir Charles Napier, defeats the Talpur Mirs, securing Sindh as a province of British India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366016136#January–March", "title": "1843", "revid": 1366016136, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – The University of Calcutta is established in Calcutta, as the first multidisciplinary modern university in South Asia. The University of Bombay is also established in Bombay, British India, this year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#January–March", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1857, "year_label": "1857 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – The Indus Valley Region (i.e., Pakistan Region) is incorporated as part of British India, for the next 90 years until 1947.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366379985#October–December", "title": "1857", "revid": 1366379985, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1860, "year_label": "1860 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – Section 377 of the British Indian penal code was enacted in British India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371066131#October", "title": "1860", "revid": 1371066131, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1868, "year_label": "1868 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – The element later named as helium is first detected in the spectrum of the Sun's chromosphere, by French astronomer Jules Janssen, during a total eclipse in Guntur, British India, but is assumed to be sodium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363668193#August", "title": "1868", "revid": 1363668193, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1893, "year_label": "1893 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November 12", "text": "November 12 – The Durand Line is established as the boundary between British India and Afghanistan, by a memorandum of understanding signed by Sir Mortimer Durand, Foreign Secretary of British India, and Abdur Rahman Khan, Amir of Afghanistan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369946190#November", "title": "1893", "revid": 1369946190, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 12", "text": "December 12 – The Delhi Durbar is held to mark the coronation of George V and Queen Mary as Emperor and Empress of India, and the transfer of the capital of British India from Calcutta to Delhi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#December", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The Anglo-Afghan Treaty of 1919, signed in Rawalpindi, ends the Third Anglo-Afghan War, with the United Kingdom recognising the right of the Emirate of Afghanistan to manage its own foreign affairs and Afghanistan recognising the Durand Line as the border with British India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#August", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1921, "year_label": "1921 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – Visva-Bharati College is founded by Rabindranath Tagore in Santiniketan, Bengal Presidency, British India.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371086035#December", "title": "1921", "revid": 1371086035, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1922, "year_label": "1922 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 18", "text": "March 18 – In British India, Mahatma Gandhi is sentenced to six years in prison for sedition (he serves only two).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369983934#March", "title": "1922", "revid": 1369983934, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1940, "year_label": "1940 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – Pakistan Movement: The Lahore Resolution, calling for greater autonomy for what will become Pakistan in British India, is drawn up by the All-India Muslim League during a three-day general session at Iqbal Park, Lahore.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368818987#March", "title": "1940", "revid": 1368818987, "section": "Events › March"}}]}