{"slug": "principality-of-achaea", "label": "Principality of Achaea", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Achaea", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q332005", "qid": "Q332005", "description": "Crusader principality in southern Greece", "entries": 30, "years": 26, "span": [1205, 1430], "span_label": ["1205 CE", "1430 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 11}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 7}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Births", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "latin-empire", "label": "Latin Empire", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "greece", "label": "Greece", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "peloponnese", "label": "Peloponnese", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "taranto", "label": "Taranto", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-naples", "label": "Kingdom of Naples", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "byzantine-empire", "label": "Byzantine Empire", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ladislaus-of-naples", "label": "Ladislaus of Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "may", "label": "May", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lombardy", "label": "Lombardy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "henry-of-flanders", "label": "Henry of Flanders", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1205, "year_label": "1205 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Battle of Koundouros: Byzantine forces (some 5,000 men) under Michael Doukas, governor of the Theme of the Peloponnese (and later Despot of Epirus), tries to stop the Latin army (some 700 knights and foot soldiers) at the Olive Grove of Koundouros. The Byzantines are defeated by William of Champlitte, who later founds the Principality of Achaea (a vassal state of the Latin Empire).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357624697#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1205", "revid": 1357624697, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1209, "year_label": "1209 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – The First Parliament of Ravennika, convened by Emperor Henry of Flanders, is held in the town of Ravennika in Greece, in an attempt to resolve the rebellion of the Lombard nobles of the Kingdom of Thessalonica. Henry pardons Lord Amédée Pofey (or Buffois), and reinvests with his fief, while the other nobles persist in their rebellion and keep to their castles. After receiving imperial recognition, Geoffrey I of Villehardouin becomes Henry's vassal, thereby subordinating Achaea directly to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362169644#Europe", "title": "1209", "revid": 1362169644, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1211, "year_label": "1211 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "William of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea (d. 1278)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360876354#Births", "title": "1211", "revid": 1360876354, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A fleet consisting of ships from the republics of Venice, Genoa and Pisa arrive at Constantinople. It is headed by Geoffrey II of Villehardouin, ruler of Achaea, who brings 100 of his own knights, 300 cross-bowman, and 500 archers. Geoffrey, formally a vassal of Emperor John I of Constantinople, breaks the blockade of the city, sinks 15 Byzantine ships and enters the Golden Horn. A treaty is signed for two years after the intervention of Angelo Sanudo, duke of Archipelago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1248, "year_label": "1248 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December", "text": "December – William of Villehardouin, Latin ruler of the Principality of Achaea, captures Monemvasia – last remaining Byzantine outpost on the Peloponnese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305121866#Europe", "title": "1248", "revid": 1305121866, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1255, "year_label": "1255 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Carintana dalle Carceri, ruler of the Principality of Achaea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1315790496#Deaths", "title": "1255", "revid": 1315790496, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1259, "year_label": "1259 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September", "text": "September – Epirote–Nicaean conflict, Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482647#Europe", "title": "1259", "revid": 1362482647, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1267, "year_label": "1267 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Treaty of Viterbo: Emperor Baldwin II of Constantinople gifts the Principality of Achaea to King Charles I of Sicily, in the hope that Charles can help him restore the Latin Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359629010#Europe", "title": "1267", "revid": 1359629010, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1272, "year_label": "1272 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Charles signs a treaty and is proclaimed King of Albania. He promises to protect the nobles and to honor the privileges they have from the Byzantine Empire. The treaty declares the union between the Kingdom of Albania (Latin: Regnum Albanie) and the Kingdom of Sicily, under Charles' rule. He appoints Gazo Chinard as his vicar-general, and sends his Sicilian fleet to Achaea, to defend the principality against Byzantine attacks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362176275#Europe", "title": "1272", "revid": 1362176275, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1278, "year_label": "1278 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Philip I of Piedmont, Latin prince of Achaea (d. 1334)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334774897#Births", "title": "1278", "revid": 1334774897, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1278, "year_label": "1278 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – William II of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea (b. 1211)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334774897#Deaths", "title": "1278", "revid": 1334774897, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1278, "year_label": "1278 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 1", "text": "May 1 – William of Villehardouin, prince of Achaea, dies. By the terms of the Treaty of Viterbo, his lands passed under the direct control of Charles I, king of Sicily. Charles appoints a bailiff to rule the Latin principality. In response, Charles swears fealty to the new pope, Nicholas III, on May 24. He promises not to attack or invade the Byzantine Empire because Nicholas has hopes to unify the Orthodox Church with the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1334774897#Europe", "title": "1278", "revid": 1334774897, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1286, "year_label": "1286 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Anna Komnene Doukaina, princess of Achaea", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071337#Deaths", "title": "1286", "revid": 1363071337, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 23", "text": "January 23 – Florent of Hainaut, Latin prince of Achaea (b. 1255)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#Deaths", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": 1306, "year_label": "1306 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 5", "text": "May 5 – Charles the Lame, King of Naples, accuses Philip I of Piedmont and Isabella of Villehardouin of disloyalty, and deprives them of the right to rule the Principality of Achaea (located in southern Greece on the Peloponnese peninsula). King Charles awards Achaea to his son, Philip I, Prince of Taranto.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354973149#April_–_June", "title": "1306", "revid": 1354973149, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1315, "year_label": "1315 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – Ferdinand of Majorca completes the conquest of the Principality of Achaea, one of the crusader states that had been founded in Greece during the Fourth Crusade, by capturing the capital, Andravida.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018303#July_–_September", "title": "1315", "revid": 1332018303, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 2", "text": "August 2 – Matilda of Hainaut becomes the sole leader of the Principality of Achaea, after her husband, Prince Louis of Burgundy, dies of poisoning one month after having secured his position during the Battle of Mandolada.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#July_–_September", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 22", "text": "February 22 – Battle of Picotin: Catalan forces led by Prince Ferdinand of Majorca, claimant to the Principality of Achaea, defeat the army of Princess Matilda of Hainaut, on the Peloponnese. During the battle, the Catalans kill 500 Burgundians and 700 native troops. The remnants of the Princess's army withdraw in haste, pursued by the Catalan cavalry; before they turn back to loot the abandoned Achaean camp.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#January_–_March", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Events › January – March"}}, {"year": 1316, "year_label": "1316 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 5", "text": "July 5 – Battle of Manolada: Latin forces under Louis of Burgundy, supported by Byzantine troops sent by governor Michael Kantakouzenos, defeat the Catalan army under Ferdinand of Majorca. During the battle, Ferdinand is killed and John II of Nivelet, who claims the Principality of Achaea is executed on the field as a traitor. His lands are given to Louis' Burgundian followers. Louis of Burgundy and his wife, Matilda of Hainaut, become the joint rulers of Achaea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018310#July_–_September", "title": "1316", "revid": 1332018310, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1318, "year_label": "1318 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "June 13", "text": "June 13 – Robert, King of Naples delivers an ultimatum to Matilda of Hainaut, ruler of the Greek Principality of Achaea, to accept marriage to John of Gravina or to lose her right to rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361981975#April_–_June", "title": "1318", "revid": 1361981975, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1320, "year_label": "1320 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Battle of Saint George: Byzantine forces under Andronikos Asen defeat the army of the Principality of Achaea, securing the possession of Arcadia. During the battle, Latin commander Bartholomew II Ghisi is taken prisoner, along with several high-ranking nobles of the principality, and is sent to Constantinople.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1353685641#July_–_September", "title": "1320", "revid": 1353685641, "section": "Events › July – September"}}, {"year": 1375, "year_label": "1375 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Approximate date – Battle of Gardiki: The Principality of Achaea defeats the Despotate of the Morea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370334386#Date_unknown", "title": "1375", "revid": 1370334386, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 2", "text": "June 2 – Due to the support by Queen Joanna I of Naples for the antipope Clement VII, Pope Urban VI declares her cousin, Carlo di Durazzo to be the new ruler of the Kingdom of Naples. Afterward, with the help of the Hungarians, Charles advances on Naples and captures Joanna. James of Baux, the ruler of Taranto and the Latin Empire, claims the Principality of Achaea after Joanna's imprisonment.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#April–June", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1383, "year_label": "1383 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 7", "text": "July 7 – James of Baux, ruler of Taranto and Achaea, and last titular Latin Emperor, dies childless. As a result, Charles III of Naples becomes ruler of Achaea (modern-day southern Greece); Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Grubenhagen, the widower of Joanna I of Naples, becomes ruler of Taranto (eastern Italy); and Louis I, Duke of Anjou inherits the claim to the Latin Empire (western Turkey), but never uses the title of Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411139#July–September", "title": "1383", "revid": 1360411139, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1386, "year_label": "1386 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 24", "text": "February 24 – Elizabeth of Bosnia, the mother of the overthrown Queen Mary of Hungary and Croatia, arranges the assassination of Charles III of Naples, the ruler of Hungary, Naples, Achaea and Croatia, with the result that Mary is reinstated as Queen of Hungary and Croatia; Charles' son, Ladislaus, becomes King of Naples; and a period of interregnum begins in Achaea, lasting until 1396. The rule of Achaea is sought by numerous pretenders, none of whom can be considered to have reigned.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359789728#January–March", "title": "1386", "revid": 1359789728, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "After a 14-year interregnum, Pedro de San Superano is declared ruler of the Principality of Achaea (modern-day Peloponnese, southern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#Date_unknown", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1399, "year_label": "1399 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Principality of Achaea (now southern Greece) resists an invasion by the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362188981#Date_unknown", "title": "1399", "revid": 1362188981, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "Maria II Zaccaria succeeds her husband, Pedro de San Superano, as regent of the Principality of Achaea (modern-day southern Greece).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Date_unknown", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1404, "year_label": "1404 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "April 12", "text": "April 12 – Centurione II Zaccaria buys the Principality of Achaea, located on the Peloponnese peninsula in modern-day Greece, from King Ladislaus of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361962096#April–June", "title": "1404", "revid": 1361962096, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1430, "year_label": "1430 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "With the surrender of Chalandritsa and the citadel of Patras to the Byzantine Despotate of the Morea, the Principality of Achaea comes to an end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561329#Date_unknown", "title": "1430", "revid": 1369561329, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}