{"slug": "principality-of-transylvania-15701711", "label": "Principality of Transylvania (1570–1711)", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principality_of_Transylvania_%281570%E2%80%931711%29", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655621", "qid": "Q655621", "description": "semi-independent principality in Eastern Europe between 1570 and 1711", "entries": 10, "years": 9, "span": [1595, 1704], "span_label": ["1595 CE", "1704 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 5}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "archduchy-of-austria", "label": "Archduchy of Austria", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "wallachia", "label": "Wallachia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moldavia", "label": "Moldavia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rudolf-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "leopold-i-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – The Principality of Transylvania (now encompassing most of Romania) joins the Holy League alliance with the Holy Roman Empire in a war against the Ottoman Empire, as Stephen Bocskai signs a treaty at Prague on behalf of Prince Sigismund Báthory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#January–March", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1600, "year_label": "1600 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 27", "text": "May 27 – Michael the Brave becomes ruler of Wallachia, Transylvania and Moldavia, formally uniting the three Danubian Principalities under one Romanian ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360196741#April–June", "title": "1600", "revid": 1360196741, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – The Battle of Guruslău takes place in Goroszlo in (now Guruslău in Romania), as Wallachian troops led by Michael the Brave and Giorgio Basta defeat Transylvanian defenders commanded by Sigismund Báthory. Wallachia, assisted by Austrian troops from the Holy Roman Empire, retakes the Principality of Transylvania from Ottoman rule.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#July–September", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1603, "year_label": "1603 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "A rebellion breaks out in Transylvania.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366656830#Date_unknown", "title": "1603", "revid": 1366656830, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – A treaty is signed in Vienna between the Archduchy of Austria and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania. Archduke Rudolf agrees to recognize Stephen Bocskai as Prince of Transylvania in return for Bocksay's guarantee of constitutional and religious rights to the ethnic Hungarians within Transylvania's borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561009#April–June", "title": "1606", "revid": 1369561009, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 11", "text": "November 11 – The Peace of Zsitvatorok is signed between the Ottoman and Holy Roman Empires. The independence of Transylvania is recognized by both sides, and Austria's annual tribute to the Ottomans is abolished.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561009#October–December", "title": "1606", "revid": 1369561009, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1613, "year_label": "1613 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – Gabriel Bathory, ruler of the Principality of Transylvania, is removed from office by vote of the nobles meeting at Gyulafehérvár (now Alba Iulia in Romania). Bathory refuses to vacate the palace at the Transylvanian capital at Várad, (now Oradea in Romania), and is murdered on October 27.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649732#October–December", "title": "1613", "revid": 1366649732, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1619, "year_label": "1619 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 5", "text": "September 5 – In the course of a revolt against the Habsburg Empire, Prince Gabriel Bethlen of Transylvania (now in Romania) conquers Kassa (now Košice in Slovakia) with the help of George I Rákóczi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369562130#July–September", "title": "1619", "revid": 1369562130, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1644, "year_label": "1644 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Prince of Transylvania George I Rákóczi invades Hungary to aid Sweden against the Habsburgs.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560996#January–March", "title": "1644", "revid": 1369560996, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1704, "year_label": "1704 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 24", "text": "October 24 – A peace treaty is signed between Prince Ferenc Rákóczi of Transylvania, and representatives of the Holy Roman Emperor, Leopold I at Schemnitz (now Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358992532#October–December", "title": "1704", "revid": 1358992532, "section": "Events › October–December"}}]}