{"slug": "protestantism", "label": "Protestantism", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestantism", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23540", "qid": "Q23540", "description": "branch of Christianity that emerged following the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century in opposition to the Roman Catholic Church and rejects papal supremacy", "entries": 19, "years": 19, "span": [1467, 1990], "span_label": ["1467 CE", "1990 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 10}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "kingdom-of-england", "label": "Kingdom of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "gregorian-calendar", "label": "Gregorian Calendar", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "western-europe", "label": "Western Europe", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "old-style-and-new-style-dates", "label": "Old Style and New Style dates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "william-iii-of-england", "label": "William III of England", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "copenhagen", "label": "Copenhagen", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "christian-iii-of-denmark", "label": "Christian III of Denmark", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "switzerland", "label": "Switzerland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "louis-xiv", "label": "Louis XIV", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "huguenot", "label": "Huguenot", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1467, "year_label": "1467 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – On Easter Sunday, in the Bohemian city of Kunvald (now part of the Czech Republic), the Unity of the Brethren (commonly called the Moravian Church) is formed as one of the first Protestant churches by four Hussite bishops. Despite persecution, it progresses to as many as 100,000 adherents within 100 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352890331#January–March", "title": "1467", "revid": 1352890331, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1508, "year_label": "1508 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – At the age of 16, Prince Wolfgang of the House of Ascania becomes the new ruler of the German principality of Anhalt-Köthen, succeeding his father Waldemar VI. In 1521, he will meet Martin Luther and, in 1525, will introduce the Reformation to his principality, making Anhalt-Köthen only the second nation (after the Electorate of Saxony) to officially adopt Protestantism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320572#October–December", "title": "1508", "revid": 1351320572, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1529, "year_label": "1529 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "April 19", "text": "April 19 – Diet of Speyer: A group of rulers (German: Fürst) and independent cities (German: Reichsstadt) protest the reinstatement of the Edict of Worms, beginning the Protestant movement.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362793946#April–June", "title": "1529", "revid": 1362793946, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1536, "year_label": "1536 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 29", "text": "July 29 – The Count's Feud ends when Copenhagen surrenders to King Christian III of Denmark. On August 6 he marches into the city and on August 12 arrests the country's bishops, thus consolidating the Protestant Reformation in Denmark.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494676#July–September", "title": "1536", "revid": 1366494676, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1542, "year_label": "1542 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 9", "text": "November 9 – King James V of Scotland writes a letter to Pope Paul III and notes that he defied Henry VIII's attempts to convert him to the Protestant faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359947406#October–December", "title": "1542", "revid": 1359947406, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1560, "year_label": "1560 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "August 17", "text": "August 17 – The Scottish Reformation Parliament adopts a Protestant confession of faith and rejects papal authority, beginning the Scottish Reformation, and disestablishing Roman Catholicism in Scotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359957428#July–September", "title": "1560", "revid": 1359957428, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1566, "year_label": "1566 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – King Philip II of Spain sends a final letter to the administrators and Catholic bishops of the Spanish Netherlands, rejecting a request to abolish ordinances treating Protestants as heretics. The decision leads to an uprising against Spain by Calvinists and ultimately to the Eighty Years War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365562466#July–September", "title": "1566", "revid": 1365562466, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "July 25", "text": "July 25 – As he promised in January, Henry IV of France abjures Protestantism at the Basilica of Saint-Denis. Legend attributes to him the saying Paris vaut bien une messe (\"Paris is well worth a mass\").", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972668#July–September", "title": "1593", "revid": 1351972668, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1612, "year_label": "1612 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 2", "text": "September 2 (August 23 O.S.) – The Lutheran Duchy of Prussia, a fiefdom within Poland, becomes the first Protestant government to follow the Roman Catholic nations in adopting the Gregorian calendar.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366306597#July–September", "title": "1612", "revid": 1366306597, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1629, "year_label": "1629 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor issues the Edict of Restitution, ordering all Catholic properties lost to Protestantism since 1552 to be restored. The Edict further provides that Catholics and Lutherans (but not Calvinists, Hussites or members of other sects) are to be allowed to practice their faith.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365103352#January–March", "title": "1629", "revid": 1365103352, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1633, "year_label": "1633 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "St Columb's Cathedral, Derry, Ireland, the first post-Reformation Anglican cathedral built in the British Isles and the first Protestant cathedral built in Europe, is completed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369169348#Date_unknown", "title": "1633", "revid": 1369169348, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1654, "year_label": "1654 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 (June 6 Old Style) – Charles X Gustav succeeds his cousin Christina on the Swedish throne. After her abdication on the same day, Christina, now the former reigning queen of a Protestant nation, secretly converts to Catholicism.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365981814#April–June", "title": "1654", "revid": 1365981814, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "March 16", "text": "March 16 – At the Synod of Jerusalem, presided over by Dositheos II of Jerusalem, the 68 bishops and representatives from the whole of Eastern Orthodox Christendom close by approving the Orthodox dogma against the challenge of Protestantism, declaring against \"the falsehoods of the adversaries which they have devised against the Eastern Church\" and making a goal of \"reformation of their innovations and for their return to the catholic and apostolic church in which their forefathers also were.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992116#January–March", "title": "1672", "revid": 1365992116, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1685, "year_label": "1685 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "October 22", "text": "October 22 – Louis XIV of France issues the Edict of Fontainebleau, which revokes the Edict of Nantes and declares Protestantism illegal, thereby depriving Huguenots of civil rights. Their Temple de Charenton-le-Pont is immediately demolished and many flee to England, Prussia and elsewhere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369485499#October–December", "title": "1685", "revid": 1369485499, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1688, "year_label": "1688 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 15", "text": "November 15 (November 5 OS) – The Glorious Revolution begins: William of Orange lands at Torbay, England with a multinational force of 20,000 soldiers. He makes no claim to the British Crown, saying only that he has come to save Protestantism and to maintain English liberty, and begins a march on London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373154069#October–December", "title": "1688", "revid": 1373154069, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1689, "year_label": "1689 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – The Act of Toleration, drawn up by the Convention Parliament of England to protect Protestants but with Roman Catholics intentionally excluded, is passed; this effectively concludes the Glorious Revolution.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365638130#April–June", "title": "1689", "revid": 1365638130, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1700, "year_label": "1700 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – Protestant nations in Western Europe, except England, start using the Gregorian calendar. Catholic nations have been using the Gregorian calendar since its introduction in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366570351#January–March", "title": "1700", "revid": 1366570351, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1712, "year_label": "1712 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 11", "text": "August 11 – The Peace of Aarau is signed by Catholics and Protestants, ending the Toggenburg War and establishing Protestant dominance in Switzerland, while preserving the rights of Catholics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964331#July–September", "title": "1712", "revid": 1367964331, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1990, "year_label": "1990 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Spain grants Protestantism and Judaism legal equality with the Roman Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366571855#February", "title": "1990", "revid": 1366571855, "section": "Events › February"}}]}