{"slug": "ptolemy-ii-philadelphus", "label": "Ptolemy II Philadelphus", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39576", "qid": "Q39576", "description": "king of the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt (308–246 B.C.)", "entries": 26, "years": 23, "span": [-308, -245], "span_label": ["309 BCE", "246 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 15}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ancient-egypt", "label": "Ancient Egypt", "shared": 16}, {"slug": "macedon", "label": "Macedon", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "antiochus-ii-theos", "label": "Antiochus II Theos", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "antiochus-i-soter", "label": "Antiochus I Soter", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "antigonus-ii-gonatas", "label": "Antigonus II Gonatas", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "thrace", "label": "Thrace", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "lysimachus", "label": "Lysimachus", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "miletus", "label": "Miletus", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "syria", "label": "Syria", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "anatolia", "label": "Anatolia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "aegean-sea", "label": "Aegean Sea", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "seleucid", "label": "Seleucid", "shared": 3}], "items": [{"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy II Philadelphus, King of Egypt (d. 246 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Births", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": -284, "year_label": "285 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Egypt's Ptolemy I Soter abdicates. He is succeeded by his youngest son by his wife Berenice, Ptolemy II Philadelphus, who has been co-regent for three years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370920977#Egypt", "title": "285 BC", "revid": 1370920977, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -283, "year_label": "284 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy I's eldest (legitimate) son, Ptolemy Keraunos, whose mother, Eurydice, the daughter of Antipater, had been repudiated by the new King Ptolemy II, flees Egypt to the court of Lysimachus, the king of Thrace, Macedon and Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370480303#Asia_Minor", "title": "284 BC", "revid": 1370480303, "section": "Events › By place › Asia Minor"}}, {"year": -282, "year_label": "283 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The canal from the Nile River to the Red Sea, initially started but not completed by the Egyptian pharaoh Necho II and repaired by the Persian king Darius I, is again repaired and made operational by Ptolemy II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354173238#Egypt", "title": "283 BC", "revid": 1354173238, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -281, "year_label": "282 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Arsinoe, daughter of Lysimachus, king of Thrace, marries Ptolemy II of Egypt as part of the alliance between Thrace and Egypt against Seleucus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1313148199#Egypt", "title": "282 BC", "revid": 1313148199, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -280, "year_label": "281 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Seleucus is succeeded as ruler of the Seleucid Empire by Antiochus, who was already king of the Syrian part of the empire. He is immediately beset by revolts in Syria (probably instigated by Ptolemy II of Egypt) and by independence movements in northern Anatolia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366700718#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "281 BC", "revid": 1366700718, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -279, "year_label": "280 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Antiochus is defeated by Egypt's Ptolemy II in the Damascene War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338748993#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "280 BC", "revid": 1338748993, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The aggression of Ptolemy II of Egypt continues to cause friction with Antiochus as he takes Miletus in south-western Asia Minor from him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#Egypt", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -275, "year_label": "276 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "The Egyptian King Ptolemy II's first wife, Arsinoe I (daughter of the late King Lysimachus of Thrace) is accused, probably at instigation of Ptolemy II's sister (who also has the name Arsinoe), of plotting his murder and is exiled by the King. Arsinoe then marries her own brother, a customary practice in Egypt, but scandalous to the Greeks. The suffix \"Philadelphoi\" (\"Brother-Loving\") consequently is added to the names of King Ptolemy II and Queen Arsinoe II. The former queen, Arsinoe I, is banished to Coptos, a city of Upper Egypt near the Wadi Hammamat, while her rival adopts her children.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1256257267#Egypt", "title": "276 BC", "revid": 1256257267, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -274, "year_label": "275 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "The Museum of Alexandria is founded by the Egyptian King Ptolemy II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1164823364#Egypt", "title": "275 BC", "revid": 1164823364, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -273, "year_label": "274 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Magas of Cyrene marries Apama, the daughter of Antiochus and uses his marital alliance to foment a pact to invade Egypt. He opens hostilities against his half brother Ptolemy II, by declaring his province of Cyrenaica to be independent and then attacks Egypt from the west as Antiochus I takes the Egyptian controlled areas in coastal Syria and southern Anatolia, after which he attacks Palestine.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367769282#Egypt", "title": "274 BC", "revid": 1367769282, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -272, "year_label": "273 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Impressed by Rome's defeat of Pyrrhus of Epirus, Pharaoh Ptolemy II Philadelphus sends a friendly embassy. The visit is reciprocated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1227001457#Egypt", "title": "273 BC", "revid": 1227001457, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -271, "year_label": "272 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king Antiochus I Soter is defeated by Egypt's Ptolemy II during the First Syrian War. Ptolemy II annexes Miletus, Phoenicia and western Cilicia from Antiochus. As a result, Ptolemy II extends Egyptian rule as far as Caria and into most of Cilicia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172942#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "272 BC", "revid": 1354172942, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -269, "year_label": "270 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Arsinoe II, queen to Lysimachus, the king of Thrace, and later wife of her brother, King Ptolemy II Philadelphus of Egypt (b. c. 316 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317756359#Deaths", "title": "270 BC", "revid": 1317756359, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -266, "year_label": "267 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Macedonia's King Antigonus II Gonatas has to deal with a rebellion by an Athenian-led coalition of Spartans (led by King Areus I of Sparta), Athenians (led by Chremonides), Arcadians and Achaeans that tries to expel the Macedonian forces located in southern Greece. The rebellion has the support of Ptolemy II of Egypt.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370481835#Greece", "title": "267 BC", "revid": 1370481835, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -260, "year_label": "261 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The new Seleucid king Antiochus II reaches an agreement with the king of Macedonia, Antigonus II Gonatas, to work together in trying to push Ptolemy II's fleet and armies out of the Aegean Sea. With Macedonia's support, Antiochus II launches an attack on Ptolemaic outposts in Asia Minor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278727971#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "261 BC", "revid": 1278727971, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -258, "year_label": "259 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Seleucid king Antiochus II starts the Second Syrian War against Ptolemy II Philadelphus to avenge his father's losses. Antiochus II finds a willing ally in Antigonus II Gonatas, the king of Macedonia, who has been dealing with Ptolemy II's attempts to destabilize Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1073120545#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "259 BC", "revid": 1073120545, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -257, "year_label": "258 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The forces of the Macedonian King Antigonus II and the Seleucid King Antiochus II win a naval victory at Cos against their common enemy, Ptolemy II. This victory secures Antigonus control over the Aegean Sea and the League of the Islanders. It also diminishes Ptolemaic naval power.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1128147349#Greece", "title": "258 BC", "revid": 1128147349, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -257, "year_label": "258 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy II loses control of the territory of Cyrenaica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1128147349#Egypt", "title": "258 BC", "revid": 1128147349, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -254, "year_label": "255 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "In the Second Syrian War, Ptolemy II loses ground in Cilicia, Pamphylia, and Ionia, while Antiochus II regains Miletus and Ephesus. A peace is then concluded between Antiochus and Ptolemy under which Antiochus is to marry Ptolemy's daughter Berenice Syra.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1340601033#Egypt", "title": "255 BC", "revid": 1340601033, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -252, "year_label": "253 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second Syrian War between the Seleucids and the Ptolemies ends. Antiochus II regains much of Anatolia from Ptolemy II, including the cities of Miletus and Ephesus, and also the Phoenician coast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172725#Seleucid_Empire", "title": "253 BC", "revid": 1354172725, "section": "Events › By place › Seleucid Empire"}}, {"year": -250, "year_label": "251 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Aratus recalls back to Sicyon those exiled by Nicocles. This leads to confusion and division within the city. Fearing that Antigonus II will exploit these divisions to attack the city, Aratus applies for the city to join the Achaean League, a league of a few small Achaean towns in the Peloponnese. Aratus then gains the financial support of the Egyptian king Ptolemy II to enable the Achaean League to defend itself against Macedonia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1125838602#Greece", "title": "251 BC", "revid": 1125838602, "section": "Events › By place › Greece"}}, {"year": -249, "year_label": "250 BCE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "According to the Letter of Aristeas, Ptolemy II invited the Jewish residents of Alexandria to have their torah translated into Greek. Because around seventy translators are used to achieve this, the translation is known as the Septuagint.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1278897656#Egypt", "title": "250 BC", "revid": 1278897656, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Egypt's Ptolemy II dies and is succeeded by his son, Ptolemy III. At the time of Ptolemy II's death, Egypt comprises the ancient kingdom of Egypt in the Nile Valley, Cyrene, Judea and the coast of southern Syria, Cyprus and a number of cities on the shores and islands of the Aegean Sea. The Macedonian Ptolemies maintain their authority over their territories with a small mercenary army made up of Macedonians and other Greeks.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Egypt", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Events › By place › Egypt"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king of Egypt from 285 BC, second king of the Ptolemaic dynasty, who has extended his power by skillful diplomacy, developed agriculture and commerce, and made Alexandria a leading centre of the arts and sciences (b. 308 BC)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Deaths", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -245, "year_label": "246 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Berenice, daughter of Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe, wife of the Seleucid ruler Antiochus II Theos, supplanting his first wife, Laodice, whose children she has persuaded him to bar from the succession to the throne in favour of her own.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358219611#Deaths", "title": "246 BC", "revid": 1358219611, "section": "Deaths"}}]}