{"slug": "republic-of-genoa", "label": "Republic of Genoa", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174306", "qid": "Q174306", "description": "medieval and early modern maritime republic from (1005-1797)", "entries": 117, "years": 106, "span": [1005, 1768], "span_label": ["1005 CE", "1768 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 46}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 31}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 10}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 8}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 7}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 5}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 2}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}, {"title": "Climate & Environment", "count": 1}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "doge-of-genoa", "label": "Doge of Genoa", "shared": 40}, {"slug": "republic-of-venice", "label": "Republic of Venice", "shared": 19}, {"slug": "republic-of-pisa", "label": "Republic of Pisa", "shared": 18}, {"slug": "constantinople", "label": "Constantinople", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "corsica", "label": "Corsica", "shared": 6}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-sicily", "label": "Kingdom of Sicily", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "knights-hospitaller", "label": "Knights Hospitaller", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "acre-israel", "label": "Acre, Israel", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "latakia", "label": "Latakia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "almoravid-dynasty", "label": "Almoravid dynasty", "shared": 2}], "items": [{"year": 1005, "year_label": "1005 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The Republic of Pisa conducts a military offensive against the Saracen strongholds in Southern Italy. The Pisan fleet sacks the city of Reggio Calabria. Pisa becomes one of the four commercial Maritime Republics (the other three are Genoa, Venice and Amalfi), which fight each other for control of the Mediterranean Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1341910116#Europe", "title": "1005", "revid": 1341910116, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1016, "year_label": "1016 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Pisan and the Genoese republics launch a naval offensive against the Muslim strongholds of Sardinia, in particular Porto Torres, and defeat the fleet of the taifa king of Dénia, Mujāhid al-ʿĀmirī.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365261531#Europe", "title": "1016", "revid": 1365261531, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1066, "year_label": "1066 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Republic of Genoa, jealous of the recent successes of its former allies, launches a naval assault on the Republic of Pisa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370249569#Europe", "title": "1066", "revid": 1370249569, "section": "Events › Europe"}}, {"year": 1087, "year_label": "1087 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Mahdia campaign: The navies of Genoa and Pisa take the capital of the Zirids, and occupy Mahdia for a year. Subsequently, both republics obtain trading privileges.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365262622#Africa", "title": "1087", "revid": 1365262622, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1098, "year_label": "1098 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "July 14", "text": "July 14 – Donation of Altavilla: Bohemond I grants commercial privileges and the right to use warehouses (fondaco) to the Republic of Genoa. This marks the beginning of Italian merchant settlements in the Levant.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163181#First_Crusade", "title": "1098", "revid": 1362163181, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1100, "year_label": "1100 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 1", "text": "August 1 – A Genoese fleet leaves Italy to support the Crusaders' efforts to conquer the coastal cities; the ships reach Latakia on September 25.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365265768#Levant", "title": "1100", "revid": 1365265768, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1101, "year_label": "1101 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – King Baldwin I concludes an alliance with the Genoese fleet, offering them commercial privileges and booty. He captures the towns of Arsuf and Caesarea. Baldwin's crusaders pillage Caesarea and massacre the majority of the local population.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365268186#Levant", "title": "1101", "revid": 1365268186, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1104, "year_label": "1104 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Summer – The Byzantines re-occupy the Cilician cities of Tarsus, Adana and Mamistra. A naval squadron, under Admiral Cantacuzenus, pursues in Cypriot waters a Genoese raiding fleet, and sails on to Latakia, where they capture the harbour and the lower city. Bohemond I reinforces the garrison in the citadel.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365271015#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1104", "revid": 1365271015, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1109, "year_label": "1109 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – Siege of Tripoli: After a 7-year siege (supported by the Genoese fleet), Tripoli falls to the Crusaders. Fakhr al-Mulk ibn Ammar, qadi of Tripoli, submits to Bertrand of Toulouse (the eldest son of Raymond IV). He establishes the County of Tripoli, the fourth Crusader state in the Middle East. Raymond's nephew William II Jordan dies of an arrow wound sustained during the siege, leaving Bertrand as its sole ruler.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367315946#Levant", "title": "1109", "revid": 1367315946, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1110, "year_label": "1110 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February", "text": "February–May – Crusaders under Baldwin I besiege Beirut. Genoese and Pisan ships blockade the harbour; Fatimid ships from Tyre and Sidon try in vain to break the blockade. The Fatimid governor flees by night through the Italian fleet to Cyprus. On May 13, Baldwin captures the city by assault and the Italians carry out a massacre among the inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368871350#Levant", "title": "1110", "revid": 1368871350, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1136, "year_label": "1136 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Béjaïa (modern Algeria) repels a Genoan naval assault.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365584360#Africa", "title": "1136", "revid": 1365584360, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1137, "year_label": "1137 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "In the first commercial treaty between the Almohad Caliphate and a Christian power, the Republic of Genoa obtains trading rights in the port of North Africa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362157430#Africa", "title": "1137", "revid": 1362157430, "section": "Events › By place › Africa"}}, {"year": 1146, "year_label": "1146 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Republic of Genoa raids the Muslim-held Balearic Islands. The Republic of Pisa protests officially – seeing the islands as rightfully theirs. The Genoese then proceed to lay siege to Almería, in vain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184470#Europe", "title": "1146", "revid": 1369184470, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1147, "year_label": "1147 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 17", "text": "July 17 – King Alfonso VII of León and Castile, leads a campaign at the head of mixed armies of Catalonia, Genoa, Pisa and France. He besieges Almería in southern Al-Andalus (modern Spain); a Genoese fleet of 63 galleys and 163 other vessels, blockade the Almoravid-held port, which is captured after a 2-month siege on October 17.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362163362#Europe", "title": "1147", "revid": 1362163362, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1149, "year_label": "1149 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Italian 'naval republics' of Genoa, Pisa and Venice finance their expanding trade within and outside Europe – trade which includes an arms industry for manufactures and merchants alike (approximate date).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184526#Europe", "title": "1149", "revid": 1369184526, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1153, "year_label": "1153 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Confronted with important financial difficulty due to the expenses of the Spanish crusade, the Republic of Genoa has to sell a third of the city of Tortosa (which they had conquered in 1148 during an expedition against the Almoravids) to Ramon Berenguer IV, count of Barcelona.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369184506#Europe", "title": "1153", "revid": 1369184506, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1166, "year_label": "1166 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Komnenos asks Venice to help pay the costs of defending Sicily, whose Norman rulers have had good relations with Venice. Doge Vitale II Michiel refuses to pay the requested subsidy. Manuel begins to cultivate relationships with the main commercial rivals of Venice: Genoa and Pisa. He grants them their own trade quarters in Constantinople, very near the Venetian settlements.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1303964516#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1166", "revid": 1303964516, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1182, "year_label": "1182 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April", "text": "April – Massacre of the Latins: The Eastern Orthodox inhabitants of Constantinople massacre the Venetian, Genoan, and other Latin officials and traders who rule as agents of Empress Maria of Antioch. She is the mother and regent of 12-year-old Emperor Alexios II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362172586#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1182", "revid": 1362172586, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1187, "year_label": "1187 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Genoa takes Bonifacio (in Corsica) from Pisa. Pope Gregory VIII reconciles the differences between the states so that both may be used to expedite shipments to the Holy Land.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187098#Europe", "title": "1187", "revid": 1369187098, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1190, "year_label": "1190 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "London adopts the Cross of St. George, the red cross on a white background. The flag is also used by the fleet of Genoa, and allows the ships from London to use the flag for protection when they enter the Mediterranean on trading missions.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368650742#England", "title": "1190", "revid": 1368650742, "section": "Events › By place › Europe › England"}}, {"year": 1194, "year_label": "1194 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – Emperor Henry VI enforces the inheritance claims by his wife, Constance I, against her illegitimate nephew, King Tancred of Lecce (who died on February 20). He takes Palermo (supported by the navy of Pisa and Genoa) and gains control of all of Sicily – ending Norman rule in Italy after 90 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1292975381#Europe", "title": "1194", "revid": 1292975381, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1200, "year_label": "1200 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Boniface I, Marquis of Montferrat, sends envoys to Venice, Genoa and other city-states to negotiate a contract for transport to the Levant. Meanwhile, Boniface and various nobles are mustering an expeditionary army (mainly forces from France and the Holy Roman Empire) at Paris. On February 23, Baldwin IX, count of Flanders and his brother Henry of Flanders take the cross at Bruges (modern Belgium), and agree to take part in the Fourth Crusade called by Pope Innocent III (see 1199).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354902191#Europe", "title": "1200", "revid": 1354902191, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1216, "year_label": "1216 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May", "text": "May – Pope Innocent III travels to Perugia to try to settle the long feud between Genoa and Pisa, that both states might contribute to the transport of the Fifth Crusade. There, after a short illness, Innocent dies on July 16. Two days after his death the aged Cardinal Cencio Savelli (later Honorius III) is elected as the 177th pope of the Catholic Church.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371079230#Religion", "title": "1216", "revid": 1371079230, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1217, "year_label": "1217 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Summer – Various groups of French knights reach the Italian ports. King Andrew II of Hungary arrives with his army in Split, in Dalmatia. He is joined by German forces, led by Duke Leopold VI (the Glorious). At the end of July, Pope Honorius III orders the crusaders assembled in Italy and Sicily to proceed to Cyprus, but there is no transport provided by the Italian city-states, Venice, Genoa and Pisa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488093#Fifth_Crusade", "title": "1217", "revid": 1367488093, "section": "Events › Fifth Crusade"}}, {"year": 1232, "year_label": "1232 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Battle of Agridi: The Cypriot army under King Henry I (\"the Fat\") defeats the Lombard forces of Emperor Frederick II. After the battle, John of Beirut (supported by funds from Henry), hires 13 Genoese war-galleys to aid in the siege of Kyrenia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367489153#Europe", "title": "1232", "revid": 1367489153, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1236, "year_label": "1236 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Spring – A fleet consisting of ships from the republics of Venice, Genoa and Pisa arrive at Constantinople. It is headed by Geoffrey II of Villehardouin, ruler of Achaea, who brings 100 of his own knights, 300 cross-bowman, and 500 archers. Geoffrey, formally a vassal of Emperor John I of Constantinople, breaks the blockade of the city, sinks 15 Byzantine ships and enters the Golden Horn. A treaty is signed for two years after the intervention of Angelo Sanudo, duke of Archipelago.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361428601#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1236", "revid": 1361428601, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1241, "year_label": "1241 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May", "text": "May – Battle of Giglio: an Imperial fleet defeats a Genoan fleet in the Tyrrhenian Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362486166#Events", "title": "1241", "revid": 1362486166, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1256, "year_label": "1256 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "War of Saint Sabas: A dispute between Venice and Genoa arises about concerning land in Acre owned by Mar Saba but claimed by both Venice and Genoa – which leads to a Genoese attack of the monastery in the Venetian quarter. The Venetians are supported by Pisa and the Knights Templar, while the Genoese are joined by the Knights Hospitaller.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350995211#Levant", "title": "1256", "revid": 1350995211, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1258, "year_label": "1258 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Republic of Genoa starts imposing forced loans, known as luoghi, onto its taxpayers; they are a common resource of medieval public finance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1318120479#Markets", "title": "1258", "revid": 1318120479, "section": "Events › By topic › Markets"}}, {"year": 1261, "year_label": "1261 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – Treaty of Nymphaeum: Emperor Michael VIII Palaiologos signs a trade and defense agreement with the Republic of Genoa, to counterweight the Venetian presence in the region. Genoa agrees to ally with the Empire of Nicaea, by providing a fleet of up to 50 galleys during the projected Nicaean siege of Constantinople, while 16 galleys are to be immediately sent against the Latin Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350011180#Byzantine_Empire", "title": "1261", "revid": 1350011180, "section": "Events › By place › Byzantine Empire"}}, {"year": 1288, "year_label": "1288 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Genoa orders Admiral Benedetto Zaccaria to send five galleys to support Genoese suzerainty of Tripoli. Princess Lucia, sister of the late Count Bohemond VII, arrives in Acre, where the Knights Hospitaller escort her to the frontier with Tripoli. The commune refuses to accept her as new ruler and places the city under Genoese protection. After negotiations, Lucia offers to confirm Genoa's existing commercial privileges in Tripoli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367964096#Levant", "title": "1288", "revid": 1367964096, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1289, "year_label": "1289 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Battle of Campaldino: Pro-papal Guelph forces of Florence and their allies, Lucca, Pistoia, Prato and Siena under Viscount Aimery IV defeat the Ghibelline army (some 10,000 men) in Tuscany. Florence becomes the dominant power in Central Italy; powerful merchant guilds take on a more political role in the communal government against their rivals of Genoa, Pisa and Venice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332007955#Europe", "title": "1289", "revid": 1332007955, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1290, "year_label": "1290 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June", "text": "June – Genoa concludes a new commercial treaty with the Mamluks; five galleys sent by King James II of Aragon (\"the Just\") join the Venetian Crusader fleet (some 20 ships) on its way to Acre. On board the fleet are Italian urban militias and mercenary forces under Seneschal Jean I de Grailly, who have fought for the Papal States in the so-called Italian Crusades.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343598991#Levant", "title": "1290", "revid": 1343598991, "section": "Events › By place › Levant"}}, {"year": 1291, "year_label": "1291 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Spring – The brothers Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi, Italian explorers and merchants from Genoa, embark with two galleys intending to reach India and establish a trade route to Italy. They sail along the coast of present-day Morocco after passing through the Strait of Gibraltar. They may have followed the African coast as far as Cape Non before being lost at sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363454369#Exploration", "title": "1291", "revid": 1363454369, "section": "Events › By topic › Exploration"}}, {"year": 1295, "year_label": "1295 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 22", "text": "July 22 – War of Curzola: Genoese raids on the Venetian quarter in Constantinople lead to a formal declaration of war with the Republic of Venice. A Venetian fleet (some 40 war galleys) attacks Galata, the quarter of the Genoese merchants. Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos arrests surviving Venetians in the capital and joins the war with the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368220335#Europe", "title": "1295", "revid": 1368220335, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1297, "year_label": "1297 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Boniface VIII attempts to end the rivalry between Genoa and Pisa over the Tyrrhenian islands of Sardinia and Corsica, naming King James II of Aragon (\"the Just\") as regent of the islands.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359692211#Religion", "title": "1297", "revid": 1359692211, "section": "Events › By topic › Religion"}}, {"year": 1299, "year_label": "1299 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 31", "text": "July 31 – Pisa and Genoa agree to a thirty-year truce. Part of the treaty includes the end of the Pisan military support to Genoa's enemies in Corsica.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349939019#Europe", "title": "1299", "revid": 1349939019, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1301, "year_label": "1301 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 10", "text": "April 10 – In the Principality of Monaco, the first Grimaldi family ruler, Rainier I, is forced to flee as troops from the Republic of Genoa besiege the Monacans. The Genoese rule will last for more than 30 years, until September 12, 1331.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694592#April–_June", "title": "1301", "revid": 1361694592, "section": "Events › April– June"}}, {"year": 1319, "year_label": "1319 CE", "section": "Births", "date": null, "text": "Leonardo di Montaldo, doge of Genoa (d. 1384)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361361432#Births", "title": "1319", "revid": 1361361432, "section": "Births"}}, {"year": 1340, "year_label": "1340 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – Hundred Years' War: Battle of Sluys – The English fleet, under the command of Edward III of England, battles the French fleet, under that of Admiral Hugues Quiéret and treasurer Nicolas Béhuchet, assisted by Genoese mercenary galleys under Egidio Bocanegra, on the Low Countries coast. The French fleet is virtually destroyed, and both of its commanders are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1319621241#Events", "title": "1340", "revid": 1319621241, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1346, "year_label": "1346 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Genoese forces led by Simone Vignoso land on the Mediterranean island of Chios and capture it from local Greek control within a week, apart from the Castle of Chios, which resists until 12 September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350441074#Events", "title": "1346", "revid": 1350441074, "section": "Events"}}, {"year": 1347, "year_label": "1347 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "February 26", "text": "February 26 – The Maona of Chios and Phocaea is formed to manage the overseas possessions of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1289406739#January–December", "title": "1347", "revid": 1289406739, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1350, "year_label": "1350 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 17", "text": "November 17 – To pay for the expenses of the revived war with the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa has to subscribe a loan at an interest rate of 10%, from an association of creditors known as the Compera imposita per gerra Venetorum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358971362#January–December", "title": "1350", "revid": 1358971362, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1354, "year_label": "1354 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – War of the Straits: The Venetian-ruled town of Poreč is sacked by the Genoese under Paganino Doria, who carry off the relics of saints Eleutherius and Maurus of Parentium to Genoa, where they were deposited at the church of San Matteo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325866553#January–December", "title": "1354", "revid": 1325866553, "section": "Events › January–December"}}, {"year": 1373, "year_label": "1373 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – King Edward III of England appoints Lord Salisbury to command a fleet of English and Genoese galleys and 1,700 soldiers to fight in the Duchy of Brittany.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369605206#January–March", "title": "1373", "revid": 1369605206, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1374, "year_label": "1374 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 3", "text": "February 3 –After invading Cyprus, the Republic of Genoa bombards the city of Kyrenia, but the Cypriots repel the invasion and force the Genoese to retreat to Nicosia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369753981#January–March", "title": "1374", "revid": 1369753981, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1376, "year_label": "1376 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 12", "text": "August 12 – With the help of the Genoese, Byzantine co-emperor Andronicus IV Palaeologus invades Constantinople and dethrones his father, John V Palaeologus, as co-emperor. John V Palaeologus is taken prisoner.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371264713#July–September", "title": "1376", "revid": 1371264713, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – In the wake of the recent defeat of the Genoese Navy at the battle of Capo d'Anzio, Domenico di Campofregoso, Doge of the Republic of Genoa, is removed from office by the Genoese Senate and replaced by Nicolò Guarco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#April–June", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1378, "year_label": "1378 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 30", "text": "May 30 – The War of Chioggia begins on the Italian peninsula between the navies of the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa, with a surprise attack on 11 Genoese galleys at Capo d'Anzio by a 10-galley fleet led by Venetian Admiral Vettor Pisani. Venice captures five of the Genoese ships and takes their crews as prisoners of war, including the Genoese admiral, Luigi de' Fieschi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366019926#April–June", "title": "1378", "revid": 1366019926, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 16", "text": "August 16 – The Republic of Genoa, led by the Doge Nicolò Guarco and its allies from Hungary and Padua, captures Venice's port of Chioggia and seize the Venetian Army garrison there and soon threaten to take Venice and the Venetian Republic. An attempt by the Venetian Senate to apply for peace is rejected as Genoa demands a full surrender, and the Venetians resolve to fight, releasing Admiral Pisani from prison.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#July–September", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1379, "year_label": "1379 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 7", "text": "May 7 – The Battle of Pola is fought in the Adriatic Sea between the navies of the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Venice. The Venetian fleet, commanded by Admiral Vettor Pisani loses 19 of its 25 galleys in the battle, but Genoese Admiral Luciano Doria is killed in the battle. One of Doria's lieutenants conceals the admiral's death from the rest of the sailors by donning the admiral's clothes. Admiral Pisani is put in prison upon his return to Venice, but later released when Genoa invades in the Battle of Chioggia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368794716#April–June", "title": "1379", "revid": 1368794716, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January 1", "text": "January 1 – The Republic of Venice's Admiral Carlo Zeno returns to Venice with 18 ships, after the city is on the verge of falling to conquest by the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#January–March", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1380, "year_label": "1380 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 24", "text": "June 24 – At the Battle of Chioggia, the navy of the Republic of Venice, with 48 galleys, defeats the invading fleet of the Republic of Genoa, clearing a blockade of the Venetian harbor, regaining control of the Adriatic Sea, and beginning the dominance of the Venetian Navy. Venice supplements its fleet with the capture of 17 of Genoa's ships.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360515041#April–June", "title": "1380", "revid": 1360515041, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1381, "year_label": "1381 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 8", "text": "August 8 – The Treaty of Turin is signed between the Republic of Venice and the Republic of Genoa to end the three-year War of Chioggia against Genoa, on terms favorable to Venice. The settlement comes more than a year after Venice's triumph in the Battle of Chioggia on June 24, 1380.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430794#July–September", "title": "1381", "revid": 1365430794, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1382, "year_label": "1382 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "October 13", "text": "October 13 – While being held as a prisoner in the Republic of Genoa, Jacques de Lusignan is elected by a parliament of Cypriot nobles to succeed his nephew, Peter II (who died on September 9), as King of Cyprus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367364320#October–December", "title": "1382", "revid": 1367364320, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1383, "year_label": "1383 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "April 7", "text": "April 7 – Nicolò Guarco is deposed as Doge of the Republic of Genoa and is replaced by Federico di Pagana, who in is forced to resign at the end of the day in favor of Leonardo Montaldo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360411139#April–June", "title": "1383", "revid": 1360411139, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1384, "year_label": "1384 CE", "section": "Climate & Environment", "date": "August 5", "text": "August 5 – An earthquake strikes the island of Lesbos in Greece, killing numerous people including the Genoan Lord of Lesbos, Francesco I Gattilusio, along with his two eldest sons, Andronico and Domenico. His son Jacopo Gattiliuso survives and rules the island under the name Francesco II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369176313#July–September", "title": "1384", "revid": 1369176313, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1384, "year_label": "1384 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "June 15", "text": "June 15 – Antoniotto I Adorno is elected as Doge of the Republic of Genoa following the death of the Doge Leonardo Montaldo from bubonic plague the day before. Adorno serves as the Republic's chief executive until 1390.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369176313#April–June", "title": "1384", "revid": 1369176313, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1387, "year_label": "1387 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17– At Caffa, one of the Balkan colonies of the Republic of Genoa, the Genoese Army thwarts an attack at Solkhat (Sorcati) by the Tatars.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1347891884#April–June", "title": "1387", "revid": 1347891884, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1389, "year_label": "1389 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 10", "text": "September 10 – In Greece, Andronikos Asen Zaccaria, chief law enforcement officer of the Principality of Achaea, ruled by the Republic of Genoa, imprisons the Duke of Athens, Nerio Acciaioli, after the Navarrese commander Pedro de San Superano had invited Acciaioli to discuss peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559797#July–September", "title": "1389", "revid": 1360559797, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1391, "year_label": "1391 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 6", "text": "April 6 – Antoniotto Adorno returns to office as Doge of the Republic of Genoa after persuading Doge Giacomo Fregoso (who had replaced him eight months earlier) to resign.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365430899#April–June", "title": "1391", "revid": 1365430899, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1392, "year_label": "1392 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 16", "text": "June 16 – Antoniotto di Montaldo is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa upon the resignation of Antoniotto Adorno.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360558319#April–June", "title": "1392", "revid": 1360558319, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "France conquers the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#Date_unknown", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 30", "text": "December 30 – Waleran III of Luxembourg, becomes the French Governor of the former Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#October–December", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1396, "year_label": "1396 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Antoniotto I Adorno, Doge of the Republic of Genoa, voluntarily steps down and turns control of the republic over to France's King Charles VI. King Charles then appoints Adorno as the governor of French-ruled Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360576293#October–December", "title": "1396", "revid": 1360576293, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Republic of Genoa regains control of Monaco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#Date_unknown", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1402, "year_label": "1402 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 5", "text": "November 5 – The Republic of Genoa resumes control of Monaco, deposing Louis Grimaldi. Genoese control lasts for more than 16 years.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371594109#October–December", "title": "1402", "revid": 1371594109, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1403, "year_label": "1403 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – Battle of Modon: The Genoese fleet under Jean Le Maingre (Marshal Boucicaut) is defeated by the Republic of Venice, at Modon in the Peloponnese.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593649#October–December", "title": "1403", "revid": 1371593649, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1407, "year_label": "1407 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": "April 23", "text": "April 23 – The Banco di San Giorgio is founded by the government of the Republic of Genoa in Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367230756#April–June", "title": "1407", "revid": 1367230756, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1413, "year_label": "1413 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 27", "text": "March 27 – The Republic of Genoa regains its independence after having been a territory of the Kingdom of France since 1396, and Giorgio Adorno is elected as the Doge for life. He will die after slightly less than two years in office.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1357114633#January–March", "title": "1413", "revid": 1357114633, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1415, "year_label": "1415 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "March 29", "text": "March 29 – Barnaba Guano is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371593286#January–March", "title": "1415", "revid": 1371593286, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1431, "year_label": "1431 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 21", "text": "August 21 – The navy of the Republic of Venice, commanded by Admiral Pietro Loredan, gains a major victory over the Republic of Genoa in a battle off of the coast of Rapallo, but fails to overthrow the Doge Battista Spinola", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361768961#July–September", "title": "1431", "revid": 1361768961, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1436, "year_label": "1436 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – In Italy, the Republic of Genoa is revived after having been under the control of the Duchy of Milan for almost 15 years, and the 56-year-old mercenary leader Isnardo Guarco is elected as the Doge of Genoa, with a lifetime appointment, but is deposed only one week later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351320639#January–March", "title": "1436", "revid": 1351320639, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1437, "year_label": "1437 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24– In Italy, Tomaso di Campofregoso, the Doge of the Republic of Genoa is forced to step down in favor of his brother, Battista di Campofregoso, however, changes his mind later in the day and Tomaso is re-installed as the doge.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358546204#January–March", "title": "1437", "revid": 1358546204, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1442, "year_label": "1442 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 18", "text": "December 18 – In Italy Tomaso di Campofregoso, Doge of the Republic of Genoa, is removed from office by a group of armed men, led by Raffaele Adorno and Giovanni Antonio Fieschi, who invade the Ducal Palace and force him to leave.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360560025#October–December", "title": "1442", "revid": 1360560025, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1443, "year_label": "1443 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 28", "text": "January 28 – Raffaele Adorno was elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1349474708#January–March", "title": "1443", "revid": 1349474708, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 16", "text": "December 16 – Lodovico di Campofregoso becomes the Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding his older brother, Giano I, who had taken office \"for life", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#October_–_December", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › October – December"}}, {"year": 1447, "year_label": "1447 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Barnaba Adorno becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa when his cousin Raffaele Adorno steps down after slightly less than four years in office. Baranaba holds the office for only a few weeks before being forced by the Adorno family's rivals, the Campofregoso family to flee the Doge's Palace on January 29.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359486325#January–March", "title": "1447", "revid": 1359486325, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1450, "year_label": "1450 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Pietro di Campofregoso is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa following the abdication of his cousin, Lodovico di Campofregoso.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358834049#July–September", "title": "1450", "revid": 1358834049, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1461, "year_label": "1461 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "July 18", "text": "July 18 – In the Republic of Genoa in Italy, Spinetta Fregoso is elected by the republic's council as the new chief executive, the Doge. He remains in office for only six days before being forced to surrender to Lodovico di Campofregoso.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256665#July–September", "title": "1461", "revid": 1365256665, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1479, "year_label": "1479 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – Christopher Columbus, an experienced mariner and successful trader in the thriving Genoese expatriate community in Portugal, marries Felipa Perestrelo Moniz (Italian on her father's side), and receives as dowry her late father's maps and papers, charting the seas and winds around the Madeira Islands, and other Portuguese possessions in the Ocean Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359855824#April–June", "title": "1479", "revid": 1359855824, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1495, "year_label": "1495 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 2", "text": "May 2 – At the Battle of Rapallo, 11 ships of the Republic of Genoa Navy commanded by Francesco Spinola and Fabrizio Giustiniani, defeat a French 11-ship force led by Louis de Miolans, who is taken prisoner of war when he and his ships are all captured. Rapallo, captured by the French a year earlier, is retaken by Genoa and 300 women held hostage by the French are freed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365256979#April–June", "title": "1495", "revid": 1365256979, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1507, "year_label": "1507 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – The revolutionary council of the Republic of Genoa declares a war against French invaders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367240730#January–March", "title": "1507", "revid": 1367240730, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1510, "year_label": "1510 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "July", "text": "July – The Holy League, formed to defend the Italian States, attacks French-occupied Genoa. The 1510 influenza pandemic reaches Sicily, where it is nicknamed coccolucio, before spreading to the Italian states and the rest of Europe.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366972051#July–September", "title": "1510", "revid": 1366972051, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1512, "year_label": "1512 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 29", "text": "June 29 – Giano II di Campofregoso was elected as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa in Italy after the withdrawal of French occupation troops, filling a vacancy that had existed since 1507.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323795843#April–June", "title": "1512", "revid": 1323795843, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 20", "text": "June 20 – Ottaviano Fregoso becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, replacing Giano II di Campofregoso.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#April–June", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1513, "year_label": "1513 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – Giano II di Campofregoso resigns as Doge of the Republic of Genoa as plots by two opposing families restore the influence of France. Campogregoso leaves the city on a ship to serve the Republic of Venice in its war against the Duchy of Milan.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363949569#April–June", "title": "1513", "revid": 1363949569, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1539, "year_label": "1539 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo is elected to a two year term as Doge of the Republic of Genoa in Italy, succeeding Giovanni Battista Doria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366494992#January–March", "title": "1539", "revid": 1366494992, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding Giannandrea Giustiniani Longo", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#January–March", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1541, "year_label": "1541 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 28", "text": "September 28 – King Charles of Spain begins the disastrous campaign against the Regency of Algiers as he assembles a fleet of 500 ships, with 24,000 soldiers, at the Spanish island of Majorca and prepares to cross the Mediterranean with the fleets of allied nations led by the Admiral Andrea Doria of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361813253#July–September", "title": "1541", "revid": 1361813253, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1543, "year_label": "1543 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Andrea Centurione Pietrasanta begins a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, replacing Leonardo Cattaneo della Volta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369357899#January–March", "title": "1543", "revid": 1369357899, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1549, "year_label": "1549 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli begins a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa in Italy, succeeding Benedetto Gentile Pevere.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362482759#January–March", "title": "1549", "revid": 1362482759, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1551, "year_label": "1551 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Luca Spinola is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding Gaspare Grimaldi Bracelli.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783865#January–March", "title": "1551", "revid": 1352783865, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa for a term of 2 years as the term of the Doge Agostino Pinelli Ardimenti comes to an end.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#January–March", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 4", "text": "January 4 – Paolo Battista Giudice Calvi is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, but serves for only eight months before dying in September.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#January–March", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1563, "year_label": "1563 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 7", "text": "October 7 – Giovanni Battista Lercari is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164885#October–December", "title": "1563", "revid": 1369164885, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1565, "year_label": "1565 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – Ottavio Gentile Oderico is elected to a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1323811827#October–December", "title": "1565", "revid": 1323811827, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1571, "year_label": "1571 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "May 25", "text": "May 25 – The Holy League is established as an alliance of the Papal States, the Republic of Venice, the Republic of Genoa, the Grand Duchy of Tuscany, the Duchy of Savoy, the Duchy of Urbino, the Kingdom of Naples and Kingdom of Sicily under the rule of the Spanish Empire and the Knights of Malta for mutual defense against attacks by the Ottoman Empire on ships in the Mediterranean Sea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369367955#April–June", "title": "1571", "revid": 1369367955, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1577, "year_label": "1577 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 19", "text": "October 19 – In Italy, Giovanni Battista Gentile Pignolo is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa for a two-year term, replacing Prospero Centurione Fattinanti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361323001#October–December", "title": "1577", "revid": 1361323001, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1579, "year_label": "1579 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Nicolò Doria is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa. Sergio Buonadonna and Mario Marcenaro, Rosso Doge: I dogi della Repubblica di Genova dal 1339 al 1797 (De Ferrari Press, 2000).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362792771#October–December", "title": "1579", "revid": 1362792771, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1583, "year_label": "1583 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 4", "text": "November 4 – Gerolamo Chiavari is elected to a 2-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa to succeed Gerolamo De Franchi Toso.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363312090#October–December", "title": "1583", "revid": 1363312090, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1587, "year_label": "1587 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "November 14", "text": "November 14 – Davide Vacca is elected to a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa in Italy in a vote by the Grand Council of the Republic.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478812#October–December", "title": "1587", "revid": 1362478812, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1591, "year_label": "1591 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – In Italy, Giovanni Giustiniani Campi is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa after a 12-day search for a successor to Battista Negrone.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358075583#October–December", "title": "1591", "revid": 1358075583, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1593, "year_label": "1593 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 27", "text": "November 27 – Antonio Grimaldi Cebà begins a two-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding Giovanni Giustiniani Campi.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351972668#October–December", "title": "1593", "revid": 1351972668, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà is elected as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, as the previous chief executive, Matteo Senarega completes his two-year term. Senarega is given the post of procuratore perpetuo.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#October–December", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1599, "year_label": "1599 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 21", "text": "February 21 – Lorenzo Sauli becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa, succeeding Lazzaro Grimaldi Cebà. Sauli will serve until 1601.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373325746#January–March", "title": "1599", "revid": 1373325746, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1625, "year_label": "1625 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28–April 24 – First Savoine War – Relief of Genoa: The Spanish fleet aids the Republic of Genoa, by overcoming the Franco-Savoyard occupation of the city of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363597525#January–March", "title": "1625", "revid": 1363597525, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1682, "year_label": "1682 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 7", "text": "January 7 – The Republic of Genoa forbids the unauthorized printing of newspapers and all handwritten newssheets; the ban is lifted after three months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560956#January–March", "title": "1682", "revid": 1369560956, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1683, "year_label": "1683 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 18", "text": "August 18 – Francesco Maria Imperiale Lercari becomes the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366000368#July–September", "title": "1683", "revid": 1366000368, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1684, "year_label": "1684 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18 – The French Navy begins a 10-day bombardment of the Italian city of Genoa in the course of the War of the Reunions between France and the Republic of Genoa. During the fight, the French fleet, commanded by Abraham Duquesne, fires almost 13,000 cannonballs, pausing only during a cease-fire on May 21 and May 22, and uses the new technology of explosive bombs. When the bombardment ends on May 28, two-thirds of the city has been destroyed or damaged.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366005630#April–June", "title": "1684", "revid": 1366005630, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1693, "year_label": "1693 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "September 9", "text": "September 9 – Francesco Invrea, King of Corsica, begins a two-year term as the Doge of the Republic of Genoa in Italy, succeeding Giovanni Battista Cattaneo Della Volta.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1343170745#July–September", "title": "1693", "revid": 1343170745, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 14", "text": "September 14 – Vincenzo Durazzo is elected to a 2-year term as the new Doge of the Republic of Genoa (including the island of Corsica), succeeding the outgoing Doge, Domenico Maria De Mari.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#July–_September", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1732, "year_label": "1732 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 13", "text": "May 13 – Rebels in Corsica agree to allow the Republic of Genoa to resume its administration of the island in return for amnesty and promised reforms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369314491#April–June", "title": "1732", "revid": 1369314491, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1746, "year_label": "1746 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "December 5", "text": "December 5 – Rallied by a teenage boy, Giovanni Battista Perasso (nicknamed Balilla\"), the citizens of the Republic of Genoa rise up against the Austrian occupying troops and the collaborator Military Governor, the Genoese Marquis of Botta d'Adorno. By December 11, the Austrian soldiers are driven from the Italian city-state, but return a few months later.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360271173#October–December", "title": "1746", "revid": 1360271173, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 16", "text": "February 16 – On orders from head of state Pasquale Paoli of the newly independent Republic of Corsica, a contingent of about 200 Corsican soldiers begins an invasion of the small island of Capraia off of the coast of northern Italy and territory of the Republic of Genoa. By May 31, the island is conquered as its defenders surrender.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#January–March", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1767, "year_label": "1767 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – A fleet of ships from the Republic of Genoa arrives at Capraia and sends 150 men ashore to drive out the Corsicans, but the outnumbered Genoese marines are \"quickly cut to pieces\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365587024#April–June", "title": "1767", "revid": 1365587024, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1768, "year_label": "1768 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 15", "text": "May 15 – After the Treaty of Versailles, the island of Corsica is ceded by Genoa to France.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369390957#April–June", "title": "1768", "revid": 1369390957, "section": "Events › April–June"}}]}