{"slug": "republic-of-siena", "label": "Republic of Siena", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republic_of_Siena", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736727", "qid": "Q736727", "description": "former republic on the Italian peninsula between 1125 and 1555", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [1250, 1557], "span_label": ["1250 CE", "1557 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 4}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Economy & Finance", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "florence", "label": "Florence", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "philip-ii-of-spain", "label": "Philip II of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "republic-of-florence", "label": "Republic of Florence", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-v-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "duchy-of-milan", "label": "Duchy of Milan", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "guelphs-and-ghibellines", "label": "Guelphs and Ghibellines", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1250, "year_label": "1250 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "The Sienese bankers belonging to the firm known as the Gran Tavola, under the steering of the Bonsignori Brothers, become the main financiers of the Papacy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360895476#Markets", "title": "1250", "revid": 1360895476, "section": "Events › By topic › Markets"}}, {"year": 1286, "year_label": "1286 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Guelph Republic of Siena allows exiled Ghibelline rebels back into the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071337#Europe", "title": "1286", "revid": 1363071337, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1287, "year_label": "1287 CE", "section": "Economy & Finance", "date": null, "text": "The Italian city of Siena exacts a forced loan from its taxpayers for the first time, a common feature of medieval public finance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361694581#Economy", "title": "1287", "revid": 1361694581, "section": "Events › By topic › Economy"}}, {"year": 1311, "year_label": "1311 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – The painting Maestà the master work of the Italian artist Duccio di Buoninsegna, is unveiled at the Siena Cathedral in the Republic of Siena.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1332018282#April_–_June", "title": "1311", "revid": 1332018282, "section": "Events › April – June"}}, {"year": 1389, "year_label": "1389 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – The Republic of Siena and the Duchy of Milan enter into a 10-year alliance.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360559797#July–September", "title": "1389", "revid": 1360559797, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1432, "year_label": "1432 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – In the battle of San Romano, fought in Italy only 30 mi from the capital at Florence, the Republic of Florence cavalry and infantry, led by General Niccolò da Tolentino defeat the army of the Republic of Siena, led by Francesco Piccinino. The Renaissance painter Paolo Uccello later commemorates the event in a triptych painting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361998124#April–June", "title": "1432", "revid": 1361998124, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1553, "year_label": "1553 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 25", "text": "November 25 – Italian War of 1551–1559: Cosimo I de' Medici, Duke of the Florentine Republic, signs a secret treaty with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor to conquer the Republic of Siena to bring it back into the Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362480437#October–December", "title": "1553", "revid": 1362480437, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1554, "year_label": "1554 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 11", "text": "June 11 – Italian General Piero Strozzi successfully defends an attack on the Republic of Siena by French troops, led by Cosimo de' Medici at the battle of Pontedera, but suffers a tremendous loss of his own troops in the process.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366649182#April–June", "title": "1554", "revid": 1366649182, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1555, "year_label": "1555 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 17", "text": "April 17 – After 18 months of siege, the Republic of Siena surrenders to the Florentine–Imperial army.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561106#April–June", "title": "1555", "revid": 1369561106, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1557, "year_label": "1557 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "July 3", "text": "July 3 – The small Stato dei Presidi, a 300 km2 section of Spanish territory on the Tuscan coast of Italy, is created by a treaty between Cosimo I de' Medici (Duke of the Florentine Republic and the future Grand Duke of Tuscany) and King Felipe II of Spain. In return, Cosimo receives the rest of the former Republic of Siena.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365955110#July–September", "title": "1557", "revid": 1365955110, "section": "Events › July–September"}}]}