{"slug": "rhineland", "label": "Rhineland", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhineland", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152243", "qid": "Q152243", "description": "region of western Germany", "entries": 8, "years": 8, "span": [793, 1930], "span_label": ["793 CE", "1930 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 3}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 3}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-hungary", "label": "Kingdom of Hungary", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jews", "label": "Jews", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "moravia", "label": "Moravia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "swabia", "label": "Swabia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "kingdom-of-italy-holy-roman-empire", "label": "Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "papal-states", "label": "Papal States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "genoa", "label": "Genoa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "pope-innocent-iii", "label": "Pope Innocent III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "danube", "label": "Danube", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lombards", "label": "Lombards", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 793, "year_label": "793 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "King Charlemagne orders a 3 kilometre long channel dug from Treuchtlingen to Weißenburg (the Rhine and Danube river basins), to improve the transportation of goods between the Rhineland and Bavaria. Charlemagne's son, Pepin of Italy, campaigns against the Lombards in Benevento (Southern Italy).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364906953#Europe", "title": "793", "revid": 1364906953, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 876, "year_label": "876 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 8", "text": "October 8 – Battle of Andernach: Frankish forces, led by Louis the Younger, prevent a West Frankish invasion and defeat Charles II at Andernach. The Rhineland remains part of the East Frankish Kingdom.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267070562#Europe", "title": "876", "revid": 1267070562, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1096, "year_label": "1096 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 18", "text": "May 18–26 – The Worms massacre: Members of the People's Crusade under Emicho besiege Worms in the Rhineland before killing at least 800 Jews, despite the intervention of Bishop Adalbert II. He tries to hide some of them in the bishop's palace, others chose to remain outside its walls. One of the victims is Minna of Worms, an influential Jew among the Christian nobility.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365266324#First_Crusade", "title": "1096", "revid": 1365266324, "section": "Events › By place › First Crusade"}}, {"year": 1212, "year_label": "1212 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Early Spring – Nicholas leads a group from the Rhineland and crosses the alps into Italy. In August, he arrives with some 7,000 children in Genoa. Nicholas travels to the Papal States where he meets Pope Innocent III.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354428304#Europe", "title": "1212", "revid": 1354428304, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1254, "year_label": "1254 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Rhenish League, a confederation of trading cities, is established in the Rhineland, Western Germany. The league (or Städtebund) comprises 59 cities.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1296887805#Commerce", "title": "1254", "revid": 1296887805, "section": "Events › By topic › Commerce"}}, {"year": 1454, "year_label": "1454 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Isaac Zarfati sends a circular letter to Rhineland, Swabia, Moravia and Hungary, praising the happy conditions of the Jews under the crescent, in contrast to the \"great torture chamber\" under the cross, and urging them to come to the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367365323#Date_unknown", "title": "1454", "revid": 1367365323, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1523, "year_label": "1523 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "May 6", "text": "May 6 – In the Rhineland in Germany, the Knights' War, led by Franz von Sickingen since August 27, is finally put down at Landstuhl by troops of the Holy Roman Empire as the Nanstein Castle falls. Sickingen, mortally wounded in the final battle, dies of his wounds the next day.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561167#April–June", "title": "1523", "revid": 1369561167, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1930, "year_label": "1930 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 17", "text": "May 17 – French Prime Minister André Tardieu decides to withdraw the remaining French troops from the Rhineland (they depart by June 30).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373315156#May", "title": "1930", "revid": 1373315156, "section": "Events › May"}}]}