{"slug": "riga", "label": "Riga", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riga", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1773", "qid": "Q1773", "description": "capital and largest city of Latvia", "entries": 16, "years": 16, "span": [1201, 2003], "span_label": ["1201 CE", "2003 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "sweden", "label": "Sweden", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "livonia", "label": "Livonia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "estonia", "label": "Estonia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "teutonic-order", "label": "Teutonic Order", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "latvia", "label": "Latvia", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "tallinn", "label": "Tallinn", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "grand-duchy-of-lithuania", "label": "Grand Duchy of Lithuania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "charles-xii-of-sweden", "label": "Charles XII of Sweden", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "great-northern-war", "label": "Great Northern War", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "hanseatic-league", "label": "Hanseatic League", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "denmark", "label": "Denmark", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1201, "year_label": "1201 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Northern Crusades: The town of Riga is chartered as a city by Albert of Buxhoeveden, bishop of Livonia, who has landed on the site with some 1,500 Crusaders earlier in the year.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364405568#Europe", "title": "1201", "revid": 1364405568, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1203, "year_label": "1203 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The Oeselians ravage Danish Scania. The returning pirates later skirmish with the German settlers of Riga, near Visby in Gotland.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369187440#Europe", "title": "1203", "revid": 1369187440, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1207, "year_label": "1207 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "February 2", "text": "February 2 – Terra Mariana (or Medieval Livonia), comprising modern-day Estonia and Latvia, is established as a principality of the Holy Roman Empire. During its existence there is a constant struggle over supremacy between the lands ruled by the Teutonic Order, the secular German nobility, and the citizens of the Hanseatic towns of Riga and Reval.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1348494398#Europe", "title": "1207", "revid": 1348494398, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1227, "year_label": "1227 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Livonian Crusade: The Livonian Brothers of the Sword and their Crusader allies (some 20,000 men) cross the sea ice from mainland Estonia, and defeat the last Estonian strongholds in the Battle of Muhu and the siege of the Valjala Stronghold in the Saaremaa islands. This marks the end of the Estonian campaign in the Livonian Crusade. The Sword Brothers conquer Danish Estonia, and Tallinn is given town rights under Riga law.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367488499#Europe", "title": "1227", "revid": 1367488499, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1298, "year_label": "1298 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "June 1", "text": "June 1 – Battle of Turaida: Forces of the Livonian Order are decisively defeated near Turaida Castle by the residents of Riga, allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania under Vytenis. After their defeat, the Livonians receive reinforcements from the Teutonic Order and defeat the residents of Riga and Lithuanians near Neuermühlen, on June 28. The knights proceed with their campaign, and besiege and capture Riga. In response, King Eric VI of Denmark (\"Menved\") threatens to invade Livonia, but a truce is reached and the conflict is mediated by Pope Boniface VIII.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363071319#Europe", "title": "1298", "revid": 1363071319, "section": "Events › By place › Europe"}}, {"year": 1561, "year_label": "1561 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – The Treaty of Vilnius is concluded during the Livonian War, between the Livonian Confederation and the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. With the treaty, the non-Danish and non-Swedish part of Livonia, with the exception of the Free imperial city of Riga, subjects itself to Polish king and Grand Duke of Lithuania, Sigismund II Augustus with the Pacta subiectionis (Provisio ducalis). In turn, Sigismund grants protection from the Tsardom of Russia, and confirms the Livonian estates' traditional privileges, laid out in the Privilegium Sigismundi Augusti.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358043209#October–December", "title": "1561", "revid": 1358043209, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1581, "year_label": "1581 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "January 14", "text": "January 14 – The Treaty of Drohiczyn is concluded, ending the Livonian War and adding the conquered city of Riga to the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362478489#January–March", "title": "1581", "revid": 1362478489, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1609, "year_label": "1609 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "March 24", "text": "March 24 – Led by the Grand Hetman of Lithuania, Jan Karol Chodkiewicz, the Lithuanian Navy breaks the blockade of Riga by sinking two Swedish Navy warships off the coast of Salacgrīva.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365588617#January–March", "title": "1609", "revid": 1365588617, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1621, "year_label": "1621 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Swedish city of Gothenburg is founded by King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden. The king also grants city rights to Luleå, Piteå and Torneå (Tornio). Riga falls under the rule of Sweden.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358440931#Date_unknown", "title": "1621", "revid": 1358440931, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 1707, "year_label": "1707 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "August 27", "text": "August 27 – Charles XII of Sweden launches his campaign to conquer Russia, marching to the east from Altranstädt with 60,000 coalition troops. Another 16,000 soldiers are waiting on the outskirts of Riga, guarding the Swedish supply lines.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1346936133#July–_September", "title": "1707", "revid": 1346936133, "section": "Events › July– September"}}, {"year": 1710, "year_label": "1710 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 26", "text": "September 26 – Great Northern War – Capitulation of Livonia: the Swedish garrison in Riga surrenders, ending Swedish rule in modern Latvia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358049105#July–September", "title": "1710", "revid": 1358049105, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1905, "year_label": "1905 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "January", "text": "Russian Revolution of 1905: The Imperial Russian Army opens fire on demonstrators in Riga, Governorate of Livonia, killing 73 people and injuring 200.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373341358#January", "title": "1905", "revid": 1373341358, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1941, "year_label": "1941 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 and December 8 – Rumbula massacre: Nazi forces kill approximately 24,000 Latvian Jews and 1,000 German Jews outside of Riga.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372706275#November", "title": "1941", "revid": 1372706275, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1942, "year_label": "1942 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 15", "text": "March 15 – The Holocaust: Dünamünde Action – 1,900 central European Jews are shot dead north east of Riga, 1,840 are killed on the 26th.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372873908#March", "title": "1942", "revid": 1372873908, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1995, "year_label": "1995 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "The first SampTA conference for mathematicians, engineers and applied scientists is held in Riga, Latvia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372467239#Date_unknown", "title": "1995", "revid": 1372467239, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}, {"year": 2003, "year_label": "2003 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "May 24", "text": "May 24 – The Eurovision Song Contest 2003 takes place in Riga, Latvia, and is won by Turkish entrant Sertab Erener with the song \"Everyway That I Can\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371470479#May", "title": "2003", "revid": 1371470479, "section": "Events › May"}}]}