{"slug": "roman-forum", "label": "Roman Forum", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Forum", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180212", "qid": "Q180212", "description": "Ancient Roman center of the city, a landmark of Rome, Italy", "entries": 10, "years": 10, "span": [-496, 391], "span_label": ["497 BCE", "391 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 1}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "christianity", "label": "Christianity", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "praetorian-guard", "label": "Praetorian Guard", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "rome", "label": "Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-senate", "label": "Roman Senate", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "cicero", "label": "Cicero", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-empire", "label": "Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "theodosius-i", "label": "Theodosius I", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-rome", "label": "Ancient Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "maximian", "label": "Maximian", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "augustus-title", "label": "Augustus (title)", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-triumph", "label": "Roman triumph", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "domitian", "label": "Domitian", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -496, "year_label": "497 BCE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – Consecration of the newly constructed Temple of Saturn in the Roman Forum, and Saturnalia festival first celebrated.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1305139785#Rome", "title": "497 BC", "revid": 1305139785, "section": "Events › By place › Rome"}}, {"year": -45, "year_label": "46 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 20", "text": "April 20 – Cicero, in Rome, writes to Varro \"If our voices are no longer heard in the Senate and in the Forum, let us follow the example of the ancient sages and serve our country through our writings, concentrating on questions of ethics and constitutional law.\"", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1361069033#Roman_Republic", "title": "46 BC", "revid": 1361069033, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -43, "year_label": "44 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Caesar's funeral is held. Marcus Antony gives a eulogy and in his speech he makes accusations of murder and ensures a permanent breach with the conspirators against Caesar. He snatches Caesar's bloody tunic and purple toga to show the crowd the stab wounds; the citizens tear apart the forum and cremate their Caesar on a makeshift pyre. Antony becomes the highest ranking politician in Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362159803#Roman_Republic", "title": "44 BC", "revid": 1362159803, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -39, "year_label": "40 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Sextus' fleet raids the ports of Puteoli and Ostia. The populace hold the Triumvirs responsible for prolonging the war, provoking a riot on the Forum. Octavian, with the Praetorian Guard, goes to intercept the riot, and only escapes with his life because Antony summons troops to rescue his junior colleague.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1267076849#Roman_Republic", "title": "40 BC", "revid": 1267076849, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 69, "year_label": "69 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – Galba and his adopted son Piso are murdered by the Praetorian Guard on the Roman Forum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367882081#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 69", "revid": 1367882081, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 71, "year_label": "71 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Titus is awarded with a triumph, accompanied by Vespasian and his brother Titus Flavius Domitian. In the parade are Jewish prisoners and treasures of the Temple of Jerusalem, including the Menorah and the Pentateuch. The leader of the Zealots, Simon Bar Giora, is lashed and strangled in the Forum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371185937#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 71", "revid": 1371185937, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 203, "year_label": "203 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": null, "text": "An arch dedicated to Septimius Severus is erected near the Forum.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371189154#Roman_Empire", "title": "203", "revid": 1371189154, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 303, "year_label": "303 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 20", "text": "November 20 – The Augusti Diocletian and Maximian reunite in Rome to celebrate the 20th anniversary of Diocletian's accession, which is now treated as a joint anniversary for both emperors. A series of columns in the Roman Forum and a triumphal arch are dedicated to the emperors. The two emperors also agree on a plan of abdication.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330172013#Roman_Empire", "title": "303", "revid": 1330172013, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 308, "year_label": "308 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Bereft of his father's support, Maxentius increasingly presents himself as the Conservator Urbis Suae (Preserver of His Own City). Construction of the Basilica of Maxentius (or Basilica Nova), the largest building in the Roman Forum, is begun.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1330171358#Roman_Empire", "title": "308", "revid": 1330171358, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 391, "year_label": "391 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Theodosius I establishes Christianity as the official state religion. All non-Christian temples in the Roman Empire are closed. The eternal fire in the Temple of Vesta at the Roman Forum is extinguished, and the Vestal Virgins are disbanded.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1327980191#Roman_Empire", "title": "391", "revid": 1327980191, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}]}