{"slug": "roman-navy", "label": "Roman navy", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_navy", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q540867", "qid": "Q540867", "description": "navy of ancient Rome", "entries": 14, "years": 14, "span": [-67, 468], "span_label": ["68 BCE", "468 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 2}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "rhine", "label": "Rhine", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "euphrates", "label": "Euphrates", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "tigris", "label": "Tigris", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "athens", "label": "Athens", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "mark-antony", "label": "Mark Antony", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "samos", "label": "Samos", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "ancient-rome", "label": "Ancient Rome", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "looting", "label": "Looting", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "piracy", "label": "Piracy", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "franks", "label": "Franks", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "roman-legion", "label": "Roman legion", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -67, "year_label": "68 BCE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": null, "text": "Ostia, the harbour city of Ancient Rome, is sacked by pirates. The port is set on fire and the consular war fleet is destroyed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1295045889#Roman_Republic", "title": "68 BC", "revid": 1295045889, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -42, "year_label": "43 BCE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Antony marches to Parma (which is sacked) and Placentia. He then crosses the Ligurian Alps to Vada Sabatia, 50 km 0 south-west of Genoa, and joins with Aemilius Lepidus, soon after Decimus Brutus is killed by brigands. The Senate declares Antony a hostis, an enemy of the state. Sextus Pompey becomes supreme commander of the Roman navy and Gaius Cassius proconsul of Syria.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1338224737#Roman_Republic", "title": "43 BC", "revid": 1338224737, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -36, "year_label": "37 BCE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Agrippa creates the harbour \"Portus Julius\" in the today-submersed town of Puteoli (the modern Pozzuoli, close to Naples). The port is used to train the warships for naval battles, and a new fleet is built, with 20,000 oarsmen gathered by freeing slaves. He also incorporates, on quinqueremes, a technical innovation, called the harpax (\"snatcher\"): a combination ballista and grappling hook, based on the corvus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862706#Roman_Republic", "title": "37 BC", "revid": 1325862706, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -34, "year_label": "35 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Illyria becomes a Roman province. Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian conducts a rendezvous with the Roman fleet under Agrippa, which is engaged in clearing the Dalmatian coast of piracy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325862738#Roman_Republic", "title": "35 BC", "revid": 1325862738, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -31, "year_label": "32 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Spring – Final War of the Roman Republic: Mark Antony transfers his headquarters from Samos to Athens, where he assembles a fleet of 500 combat vessels and 300 transport ships, crewed by 150,000 men.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1325920749#Roman_Republic", "title": "32 BC", "revid": 1325920749, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 16, "year_label": "16 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Germanicus employs the North Sea fleet to avoid dangerous rivers, embarking an army in the Rhine Delta, aboard circa 1,000 ships. He defeats the Germans at the Amisius river estuary and the Weser, but during its return, the Roman fleet is partially destroyed by storms.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371078816#Roman_Empire", "title": "10s", "revid": 1371078816, "section": "Events › 16 AD › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 79, "year_label": "79 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 or c. October 24 – Eruption of Mount Vesuvius: Mount Vesuvius erupts, destroying Pompeii, Herculaneum, Stabiae and Oplontis. The Roman navy (based at Misenum), commanded by Pliny the Elder, evacuates refugees. Pliny dies after inhaling volcanic fumes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371506261#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 79", "revid": 1371506261, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 105, "year_label": "105 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Trajan starts the second expedition against Dacia; he leaves with the Imperial Roman fleet from Brundusium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371188807#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 105", "revid": 1371188807, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 197, "year_label": "197 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": null, "text": "Septimius Severus forms new naval units, manning all the triremes in Italy with heavily armed troops for war in the East. His soldiers embark on an artificial canal between the Tigris and Euphrates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371314350#Roman_Empire", "title": "AD 197", "revid": 1371314350, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 267, "year_label": "267 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Heruli invade the Black Sea coast; they unsuccessfully attack Byzantium and Cyzicus. The Roman fleet defeats the Herulian fleet (500 ships) but allows them to escape into the Aegean Sea, where they raid the islands of Lemnos and Skyros.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367427906#Roman_Empire", "title": "267", "revid": 1367427906, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 280, "year_label": "280 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Germans destroy the Roman fleet on the Rhine; Bonosus is proclaimed emperor at Colonia Agrippina (Cologne).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367495474#Roman_Empire", "title": "280", "revid": 1367495474, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 286, "year_label": "286 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": null, "text": "Summer: Carausius, commander of the Classis Britannica, is accused of piracy by Maximian and is sentenced to death. He responds by declaring himself emperor of Britain and Northwestern Gaul. His forces consist of the newly built Roman fleet and three legions in Britain. The Carausian Revolt is supported by Gaulish merchant ships and Frankish mercenaries.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326554179#Roman_Empire", "title": "286", "revid": 1326554179, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 458, "year_label": "458 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Emperor Majorian builds a Roman fleet at Miseno and Ravenna. He strengthens the army, by recruiting a large number of barbarian mercenaries (Bastarnae, Burgundians, Huns, Ostrogoths, Rugii, Scythians and Suebi).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1364748114#Roman_Empire", "title": "458", "revid": 1364748114, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}, {"year": 468, "year_label": "468 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of Cape Bon: The Vandals defeat the Roman navy under Basiliscus, anchored at Promontorium Mercurii, 45 miles from Carthage (Tunisia). During peace negotiations Genseric uses fire ships, filling them with brushwood and pots of oil, destroying 700 imperial galleys. Basiliscus escapes with his surviving fleet to Sicily, harassed all the way by Moorish pirates.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360138410#Roman_Empire", "title": "468", "revid": 1360138410, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}]}