{"slug": "royal-society", "label": "Royal Society", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123885", "qid": "Q123885", "description": "English learned society for science", "entries": 21, "years": 18, "span": [1660, 1927], "span_label": ["1660 CE", "1927 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 9}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 6}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 3}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 2}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "isaac-newton", "label": "Isaac Newton", "shared": 4}, {"slug": "london", "label": "London", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "benjamin-franklin", "label": "Benjamin Franklin", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "edmond-halley", "label": "Edmond Halley", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1660, "year_label": "1660 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – At Gresham College in London, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Sir Robert Moray meet after a lecture by Wren, and decide to found \"a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning\" (later known as the Royal Society).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365986539#October–December", "title": "1660", "revid": 1365986539, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 15", "text": "July 15 – The Royal Society, founded by King Charles II of England and Scotland receives an official charter in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#July–September", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – John Winthrop the Younger, the son of the first governor of Massachusetts, is honored by being made a fellow of the Royal Society, England's new scientific society. Winthrop uses his election to the Society to gain access to the king, who grants him a new charter, uniting the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#April–June", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1662, "year_label": "1662 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 28", "text": "November 28 – The English Royal Society holds its first meeting.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988036#October–December", "title": "1662", "revid": 1365988036, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1665, "year_label": "1665 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 6", "text": "March 6 – The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London begins publication in England, the first scientific journal in English and the oldest to be continuously published.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365988545#January–March", "title": "1665", "revid": 1365988545, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1672, "year_label": "1672 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 11", "text": "January 11 – The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge, national science academy for England, elects Isaac Newton to its membership, and then demonstrates Newton's reflecting telescope to King Charles II.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365992116#January–March", "title": "1672", "revid": 1365992116, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1680, "year_label": "1680 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "September 30", "text": "September 30 – Robert Boyle, having rediscovered the process of manufacturing phosphorus from bone ash, deposits his summary of the directions with The Royal Society of London for Improving Natural Knowledge. Boyle's assistant, Ambrose Godfrey, later develops Boyle's discovery to produce phosphorus commercially.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365997201#July–September", "title": "1680", "revid": 1365997201, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1684, "year_label": "1684 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 10", "text": "December 10 – Isaac Newton's derivation of Kepler's laws from his theory of gravity, contained in the paper De motu corporum in gyrum, is read to the Royal Society by Edmond Halley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366005630#October–December", "title": "1684", "revid": 1366005630, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1687, "year_label": "1687 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "July 11", "text": "July 11 – Isaac Newton's Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, known as the Principia, is published by the Royal Society of London. In it, Newton describes his law of universal gravitation, explains the laws of mechanics, and gives a formula for the speed of sound. The writing of Principia Mathematica ushers in a tidal wave of changes in thought, significantly accelerating the Scientific Revolution by providing new and practical intellectual tools, and becomes the foundation of modern physics.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363302904#July–September", "title": "1687", "revid": 1363302904, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1699, "year_label": "1699 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 14", "text": "June 14 – Thomas Savery demonstrates his first steam pump to the Royal Society of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369560904#April–June", "title": "1699", "revid": 1369560904, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1703, "year_label": "1703 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 30", "text": "November 30 – Isaac Newton is elected president of the Royal Society of London, a position he will hold until his death in 1727.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369923832#October–December", "title": "1703", "revid": 1369923832, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1766, "year_label": "1766 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "February 13", "text": "February 13 – John Mills is elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, with Benjamin Franklin as one of his sponsors.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358061260#January–March", "title": "1766", "revid": 1358061260, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1766, "year_label": "1766 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 29", "text": "May 29 – In a paper read to the Royal Society, British theoretical chemist Henry Cavendish first describes his process of producing what he refers to as \"inflammable air\" by dissolving base metals such as iron, zinc and tin in a flask of sulfuric acid or hydrochloric acid, drawing the conclusion that the vapor that was released is different from air. Seven years later, French chemist Antoine Lavoisier bestows the name \"hydrogen\" on the gas.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358061260#April–June", "title": "1766", "revid": 1358061260, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1784, "year_label": "1784 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "January 15", "text": "January 15 – Henry Cavendish's paper to the Royal Society of London, Experiments on Air, reveals the molecular composition of water.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370567291#January–March", "title": "1784", "revid": 1370567291, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1800, "year_label": "1800 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Alessandro Volta describes his new invention, the voltaic pile, the first chemical battery, in a letter to the Royal Society of London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370325498#January–March", "title": "1800", "revid": 1370325498, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1808, "year_label": "1808 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "June 30", "text": "June 30 – English chemist Humphry Davy informs the Royal Society of London of his isolation and discovery of two elements by electrolysis. From lime, he has produced calcium and established that lime is calcium oxide; by heating boric acid and potassium in a copper tube, he creates a substance he calls boracium, which is eventually called boron. This year he also isolates magnesium and strontium.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369185588#April–June", "title": "1808", "revid": 1369185588, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1824, "year_label": "1824 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 8", "text": "January 8 – After much controversy, Michael Faraday is finally elected as a member of the Royal Society in London, with only one vote against him.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359333471#January–March", "title": "1824", "revid": 1359333471, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1831, "year_label": "1831 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 - Michael Faraday demonstrates electromagnetic induction at the Royal Society of London. Joseph Henry recognises it at about the same time.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360358594#July–September", "title": "1831", "revid": 1360358594, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 26", "text": "May 26, June 2 – Geologist Joseph Prestwich and amateur archaeologist John Evans report (to the Royal Society and Society of Antiquaries of London, respectively) the results of their investigations of gravel-pits in the Somme valley and elsewhere, extending human history back to what will become known as the Paleolithic Era.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#April–June", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1864, "year_label": "1864 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": "December 8", "text": "December 8 – James Clerk Maxwell presents his paper, A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field, to the Royal Society in London, treating light as an electromagnetic wave.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369213895#December", "title": "1864", "revid": 1369213895, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1927, "year_label": "1927 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "May 23", "text": "May 23 – Nearly 600 members of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Institute of Radio Engineers view a live demonstration of television at the Bell Telephone Building in New York City, just over a year after John Logie Baird of Scotland had first demonstrated an electromechanical system to members of the Royal Society in London.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370012373#May", "title": "1927", "revid": 1370012373, "section": "Events › May"}}]}