{"slug": "rudolf-ii-holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf_II%2C_Holy_Roman_Emperor", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150586", "qid": "Q150586", "description": "Holy Roman Emperor, King of Hungary and Croatia, King of Bohemia and Archduke of Austria (1552-1612)", "entries": 16, "years": 14, "span": [1572, 1616], "span_label": ["1572 CE", "1616 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 8}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 2}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 1}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 1}, {"title": "Science & Discovery", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "prague", "label": "Prague", "shared": 5}, {"slug": "ottoman-empire", "label": "Ottoman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-empire", "label": "Holy Roman Empire", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "murad-iii", "label": "Murad III", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "austria", "label": "Austria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "vienna", "label": "Vienna", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "jesuit", "label": "Jesuit", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "holy-roman-emperor", "label": "Holy Roman Emperor", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "poland", "label": "Poland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "sigismund-iii-vasa", "label": "Sigismund III Vasa", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "abbas-the-great", "label": "Abbas the Great", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "bratislava", "label": "Bratislava", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1572, "year_label": "1572 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – The coronation of Rudolf as King of Hungary takes place at St. Martin's Cathedral in Pozsony (now Bratislava, Slovakia).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370792520#July–September", "title": "1572", "revid": 1370792520, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1575, "year_label": "1575 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "September 25", "text": "September 25 – At St. Vitus Cathedral in Prague, Rudolf of Habsburg, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Maximilian II, is crowned King of Bohemia by the Archbishop Antonín Brus of Mohelnice.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362481402#July–September", "title": "1575", "revid": 1362481402, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1576, "year_label": "1576 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1 – Coronation of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362635528#October–December", "title": "1576", "revid": 1362635528, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1590, "year_label": "1590 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 29", "text": "November 29 – A truce is signed between representatives of the Holy Roman Empire (ruled by Emperor Rudolf II) and the Ottoman Empire (ruled by Sultan Murad III).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369164716#October–December", "title": "1590", "revid": 1369164716, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1595, "year_label": "1595 CE", "section": "Deaths", "date": "January 24", "text": "January 24 – Matthias of Habsburg is appointed by his brother Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, to become the Archduke of die Vorlande, the possessions of the Austrian Habsburgs in Southern Germany outside of Austria, also called Further Austria (Vorderösterreich). The appointment follows the death of their uncle, Ferdinand II. Matthias will later become Archduke of Austria (in 1608) and the Emperor in 1612.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1339059002#January–March", "title": "1595", "revid": 1339059002, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1597, "year_label": "1597 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "December 23", "text": "December 23 – Prince Sigismund Báthory signs an agreement with Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor to abdicate the throne of Transylvania in return for the Silesian duchies of Racibórz and Opole and an annual subsidy of 50,000 thalers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362801855#October–December", "title": "1597", "revid": 1362801855, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1598, "year_label": "1598 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 9", "text": "June 9 – The Principality of Wallachia becomes a vassal state of the Austrian Habsburgs and the Holy Roman Empire, after Michael the Brave (Mihai Pătrașcu, with a regnal name of Michael II) signs an agreement at Prague with Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor to receive protection from the Ottoman Empire.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372769896#April–June", "title": "1598", "revid": 1372769896, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1600, "year_label": "1600 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "November 7", "text": "November 7 – Emperor Rudolf II grants an audience in Prague to Persian diplomats Husayn 'Ali Beg and Anthony Shirley, and present the offer of Persia's King Abbas the Great to supply weapons to the Empire in their fight against the Ottomans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360196741#October–December", "title": "1600", "revid": 1360196741, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1600, "year_label": "1600 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20 – Persian diplomats, led by Husayn 'Ali Beg of Persia, and Englishman Anthony Shirley (who serves as translator) arrive in Prague to meet with Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360196741#October–December", "title": "1600", "revid": 1360196741, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1601, "year_label": "1601 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "February 23", "text": "February 23 – Michael the Brave, Prince of Wallachia, arrives in Prague to enlist the assistance of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor in driving Ottoman troops out of Transylvania. Michael leaves on March 5, having received a pledge of Austrian troops to the fight.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369165918#January–March", "title": "1601", "revid": 1369165918, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1605, "year_label": "1605 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 11", "text": "December 11 – King Sigismund III of Poland marries his former sister-in-law, Constance, daughter of Charles II, Archduke of Austria, after Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor refuses to permit the King to marry Anna of Tyrol. King Sigismund, a widow, had previously been married to Constance's older sister, Anne.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362477436#October–December", "title": "1605", "revid": 1362477436, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1606, "year_label": "1606 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 23", "text": "June 23 – A treaty is signed in Vienna between the Archduchy of Austria and the semi-independent Principality of Transylvania. Archduke Rudolf agrees to recognize Stephen Bocskai as Prince of Transylvania in return for Bocksay's guarantee of constitutional and religious rights to the ethnic Hungarians within Transylvania's borders.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369561009#April–June", "title": "1606", "revid": 1369561009, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1607, "year_label": "1607 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "August 3", "text": "August 3 – After Catholics and Protestants clash in Donauwörth, emperor Rudolph II declares an imperial ban over the city and orders Bavarian duke Maximilian I to execute the ban leading to the occupation of the city by a force of 15,000 in December. This in turn leads to the creation of the Protestant Union in 1608.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358831090#July–September", "title": "1607", "revid": 1358831090, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "February 18", "text": "February 18 – Don Julius Caesar d'Austria, the illegitimate son of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor, brutally murders his girlfriend, Markéta Pichlerová, then dismembers her body. Emperor Rudolf imprisons Julius for the rest of his life.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#January–March", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1608, "year_label": "1608 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "June 26", "text": "June 26 – Matthias I, already King of Bohemia becomes the King of Hungary and the King of Croatia upon the abdication of both jobs by his older brother, Rudolf II, who continues as Holy Roman Emperor.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352783723#April–June", "title": "1608", "revid": 1352783723, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1616, "year_label": "1616 CE", "section": "Science & Discovery", "date": null, "text": "Jesuit astronomer Christoph Scheiner becomes the advisor to Archduke Maximilian, brother of Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor in Vienna. A lifelong enemy of Galileo, following a dispute over the nature of sunspots, Scheiner is credited with reopening the 1616 accusations against Galileo in 1633.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366307823#Date_unknown", "title": "1616", "revid": 1366307823, "section": "Events › Date unknown"}}]}