{"slug": "samnites", "label": "Samnites", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samnites", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500272", "qid": "Q500272", "description": "Italic people living in Samnium in south-central Italy", "entries": 28, "years": 27, "span": [-437, -81], "span_label": ["438 BCE", "82 BCE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 23}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}, {"title": "Deaths", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 20}, {"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 7}, {"slug": "campania", "label": "Campania", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "cumae", "label": "Cumae", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "apulia", "label": "Apulia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "lucanians", "label": "Lucanians", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roman-dictator", "label": "Roman dictator", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "ancient-greece", "label": "Ancient Greece", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "naples", "label": "Naples", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "pyrrhus-of-epirus", "label": "Pyrrhus of Epirus", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "samnium", "label": "Samnium", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "taranto", "label": "Taranto", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -437, "year_label": "438 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The city of Capua falls to the Samnites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326570904#Italy", "title": "438 BC", "revid": 1326570904, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -427, "year_label": "428 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Greek colony of Cumae in Italy falls to the Samnites, who begin to take control of the Campanian plain.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1151725633#Italy", "title": "428 BC", "revid": 1151725633, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -420, "year_label": "421 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "The city of Cumae, the most northerly of the Greek colonies in Italy, falls to the Samnites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172919#Italy", "title": "421 BC", "revid": 1354172919, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -353, "year_label": "354 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome allies itself with the Samnites and they agree on a mutual defence pact.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1291610084#Roman_Republic", "title": "354 BC", "revid": 1291610084, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -342, "year_label": "343 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "First Samnite War began when Rome fought the confederated Samnites over disputed territory in the Middle Liris Valley.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172730#Roman_Republic", "title": "343 BC", "revid": 1354172730, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -341, "year_label": "342 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Battle of Mount Gaurus is fought between the Romans and the Samnites. The battle is a success for the Romans, who, it is said, are led by Marcus Valerius Corvus. Fought at the foot of Mount Gaurus, near Cumae, it is the most notable engagement of the First Samnite War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1209992354#Roman_Republic", "title": "342 BC", "revid": 1209992354, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -340, "year_label": "341 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The First Samnite War ends with Rome triumphant and the Samnites willing to make peace.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1210197654#Roman_Republic", "title": "341 BC", "revid": 1210197654, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -331, "year_label": "332 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "After a victory over the Samnites and Lucanians near Paestum, Alexander of Epirus makes a treaty with the Romans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1322067290#Italy", "title": "332 BC", "revid": 1322067290, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -326, "year_label": "327 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Samnite army captures Neapolis (present-day Naples). The Romans, who are meanwhile moving south while the Samnites are occupied with Tarentum, take the opportunity to recover Neapolis and, after a long siege, evict the Samnite garrison from the city and make it an ally of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1259124608#Roman_Republic", "title": "327 BC", "revid": 1259124608, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -325, "year_label": "326 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following their defeat by the Roman forces in Naples, the Samnites declare war on Rome starting the Second Samnite War. To help defeat the Samnites, the Romans make alliances with the peoples of Central Italy to the north of Samnium and with the Apulians to the southeast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279205798#Roman_Republic", "title": "326 BC", "revid": 1279205798, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -320, "year_label": "321 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Continuing successes by Rome's armies against the Samnites forces the Samnites to sue for peace. However, the terms offered by Rome are so stringent that they are rejected by the Samnites and the war goes on.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359962346#Roman_Republic", "title": "321 BC", "revid": 1359962346, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -315, "year_label": "316 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans, with an eye to capturing Apulia, send an army (led by dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus) to seize the town of Lucera from the Samnites. They are badly beaten in the Battle of Lautulae and the Samnites go on to reach within 32 kilometres of Rome.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1007737454#Roman_Republic", "title": "316 BC", "revid": 1007737454, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -314, "year_label": "315 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Samnites defeat a Roman army led by dictator Quintus Fabius Maximus Rullianus at the Battle of Lautulae.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367539376#Roman_Republic", "title": "315 BC", "revid": 1367539376, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -313, "year_label": "314 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman consuls march their combined army to Tarracina and defeat a Samnite army there; killing 10,000 Samnites in the battle and the subsequent pursuit.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240408#Roman_Republic", "title": "314 BC", "revid": 1242240408, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -313, "year_label": "314 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Success seems to be going the Samnites' way in their ongoing battles against the Romans. Campania is on the verge of deserting Rome. Peace is established between Rome and some Samnite towns.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1242240408#Roman_Republic", "title": "314 BC", "revid": 1242240408, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -312, "year_label": "313 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Samnites take Fregellae in Latium, the Roman dictator Gaius Poetelius Libo Visolus marches his army from Rome and moves to retake it, but the Samnites leave at night; Visolus places a garrison in the city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1300255025#Italy", "title": "313 BC", "revid": 1300255025, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -309, "year_label": "310 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome deals with renewed trouble from the Etruscans, who are persuaded by the Samnites to cease their alliance with the Romans. In the Battle of Lake Vadimo, the Romans under Fabius Maximus Rullianus defeat the Etruscans.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1351686531#Roman_Republic", "title": "310 BC", "revid": 1351686531, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -308, "year_label": "309 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Samnites again rise against Rome. Lucius Papirius Cursor is appointed dictator for the second time and wins a great victory at Longula over the Samnites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1247027805#Roman_Republic", "title": "309 BC", "revid": 1247027805, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -305, "year_label": "306 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Samnites take Sora and Calatia, cities allied to the Romans, and enslave their inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326553952#Italy", "title": "306 BC", "revid": 1326553952, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -304, "year_label": "305 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Roman consuls, Marcus Fulvius Curvus Paetinus and Lucius Postumius Megellus, decisively defeat the Samnites in the Battle of Bovianum to end the Second Samnite War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1225162735#Italy", "title": "305 BC", "revid": 1225162735, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -303, "year_label": "304 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The second Samnite war formally ends with a peace agreement in which the Samnites obtain peace on terms that are severe but not as crushing as those agreed by the Romans with the Etruscans four years earlier. Under the peace, Rome gains no territory, but the Samnites renounce their hegemony over Campania. Rome is also successful in ending the revolts amongst the tribes surrounding Roman territory.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1355692793#Roman_Republic", "title": "304 BC", "revid": 1355692793, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -294, "year_label": "295 BCE", "section": "Deaths", "date": null, "text": "Gellius Egnatius, Roman military leader of the Samnites", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1350129451#Deaths", "title": "295 BC", "revid": 1350129451, "section": "Deaths"}}, {"year": -281, "year_label": "282 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome declares war on Tarentum. King Pyrrhus of Epirus declares his willingness to come to the aid of Tarentum. Tarentum also looks for support from the Samnites and other Italian tribes in southern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1313148199#Roman_Republic", "title": "282 BC", "revid": 1313148199, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -278, "year_label": "279 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pyrrhus realizes that he cannot capture Rome and suggests peace terms to the Romans. Pyrrhus sends his chief advisor, Cineas, to Rome to negotiate a peace. Cineas demands that the Romans halt their aggression against the Greeks of southern Italy and restore the lands the Romans have taken from the Bruttii, the Apulians, and the Samnites. The Romans reject his demands, largely at the instigation of the former Roman censor, Appius Claudius Caecus.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1226777989#Roman_Republic", "title": "279 BC", "revid": 1226777989, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -276, "year_label": "277 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Battle of the Cranita Hills: Roman forces are defeated by the Samnites at the Cranita Hills during the Pyrrhic War.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1256058749#Italy", "title": "277 BC", "revid": 1256058749, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -271, "year_label": "272 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Pyrrhus' departure from southern Italy three years earlier leads to the Samnites finally being conquered by the Romans. With the surrender of Tarentum, the cities of Magna Graecia in southern Italy come under Roman influence and become Roman allies. Rome now effectively dominates all of the Italian peninsula.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172942#Roman_Republic", "title": "272 BC", "revid": 1354172942, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -269, "year_label": "270 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Rome's subjugation of Italy is completed by the recapture of Rhegium (southern Italy) from the Mamertines and the defeat of the Brutians, the Lucanians, the Calabrians and the Samnites. The town of Rhegium is then restored by the Romans to its Greek inhabitants.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1317756359#Roman_Republic", "title": "270 BC", "revid": 1317756359, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -81, "year_label": "82 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "November 1", "text": "November 1: Sulla defeats an army of Samnites and Lucanians alliance in the Battle of the Colline Gate.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1262234047#Roman_Republic", "title": "82 BC", "revid": 1262234047, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}]}