{"slug": "samnium", "label": "Samnium", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samnium", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463459", "qid": "Q463459", "description": "historical region in Southern Italy", "entries": 9, "years": 9, "span": [-339, 413], "span_label": ["340 BCE", "413 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 3}, {"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "italy", "label": "Italy", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "apulia", "label": "Apulia", "shared": 3}, {"slug": "roman-republic", "label": "Roman Republic", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "campania", "label": "Campania", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "taranto", "label": "Taranto", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "lucanians", "label": "Lucanians", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "naples", "label": "Naples", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "samnites", "label": "Samnites", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "augustus", "label": "Augustus", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "umbria", "label": "Umbria", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "visigoths", "label": "Visigoths", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "calabria", "label": "Calabria", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": -339, "year_label": "340 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "The Romans succeed in detaching the Campanians from their alliance with the Latins (through their fear of the Samnites) and induce them to make a separate peace. Three Campanian cities, including Capua and Cumae, are granted Roman citizenship and thus become part of the Roman state. The Roman state now extends to the Bay of Naples.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1239354213#Roman_Republic", "title": "340 BC", "revid": 1239354213, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -333, "year_label": "334 BCE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": null, "text": "Alexander of Epirus, at the request of the colony of Taras (Tarentum) crosses over into Italy, to aid them against the Lucanians and Bruttii. He wins victories over the Italian Samnite tribes.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1356615565#Italy", "title": "334 BC", "revid": 1356615565, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -325, "year_label": "326 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following their defeat by the Roman forces in Naples, the Samnites declare war on Rome starting the Second Samnite War. To help defeat the Samnites, the Romans make alliances with the peoples of Central Italy to the north of Samnium and with the Apulians to the southeast.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1279205798#Roman_Republic", "title": "326 BC", "revid": 1279205798, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -320, "year_label": "321 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Two Roman consuls, Spurius Postumius Albinus and Titus Veturius Calvinus, leading an invading force into Samnium, are trapped in a mountain pass known as the Caudine Forks (Caudium) near Beneventum, where they can neither advance nor retire, and after a desperate struggle, they are forced to submit to the humiliating terms imposed by the Samnite victor, Gaius Pontius. The captured consuls pledge themselves to a five-year treaty on terms most favourable for the Samnites.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1359962346#Roman_Republic", "title": "321 BC", "revid": 1359962346, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -311, "year_label": "312 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Second Samnite War continues: there are rumours of a mobilisation of the Etruscans; since the consul Marcus Valerius Maximus Corvus is campaigning in Samnium and his consular colleague Publius Decius Mus is to ill to lead an army, the people appoint Gaius Sulpicius Longus as dictator. Sulpicius appoints Gaius Junius Bubulcus Brutus as his Magister Equitum (Second-in-command). Sulpicius ' mission is to defend against the Etruscan invasion which never materialize; Sulpicius and Brutus remain in camp at Rome until the end of the campaigning season.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354172925#Italy", "title": "312 BC", "revid": 1354172925, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -305, "year_label": "306 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "The Romans invade Iapygia and begin a siege of Silvium (garrisoned by the Samnites). Eventually, they take the city by storm, taking 5,000 prisoners. After the Siege of Silvium they invade Samnium itself, pillaging the countryside for five months.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1326553952#Italy", "title": "306 BC", "revid": 1326553952, "section": "Events › By place › Italy"}}, {"year": -215, "year_label": "216 BCE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": null, "text": "Following Hannibal's victory, many regions begin to defect from Rome, while others are conquered by Hannibal's forces. In Apulia, Lucania, Samnium and in Bruttium, Hannibal finds many supporters.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1336012311#Roman_Republic", "title": "216 BC", "revid": 1336012311, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": -41, "year_label": "42 BCE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": null, "text": "Octavian returns to Rome and arranges for ± 40,000 veterans' settlements in Campania, Etruria, Picenum, Samnium, Umbria, and in northern Italy.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1352172627#Roman_Republic", "title": "42 BC", "revid": 1352172627, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Republic"}}, {"year": 413, "year_label": "413 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "May 8", "text": "May 8 – Honorius signs an edict providing tax relief for the Italian provinces Tuscia, Campania, Picenum, Samnium, Apulia, Lucania and Calabria, which were plundered by the Visigoths.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1366415001#Roman_Empire", "title": "413", "revid": 1366415001, "section": "Events › By place › Roman Empire"}}]}