{"slug": "san-francisco", "label": "San Francisco", "wikipedia": "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San_Francisco", "wikidata": "https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62", "qid": "Q62", "description": "consolidated city and county in California, United States", "entries": 46, "years": 39, "span": [1749, 2010], "span_label": ["1749 CE", "2010 CE"], "topics": [{"title": "Exploration & Expansion", "count": 11}, {"title": "Technology & Infrastructure", "count": 7}, {"title": "Conflict & Security", "count": 6}, {"title": "Crime & Justice", "count": 6}, {"title": "Culture & Society", "count": 5}, {"title": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "count": 4}, {"title": "Religion & Belief", "count": 2}, {"title": "Health & Medicine", "count": 2}, {"title": "Disasters & Accidents", "count": 2}, {"title": "Births", "count": 1}], "related": [{"slug": "california", "label": "California", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "san-diego", "label": "San Diego", "shared": 2}, {"slug": "soviet-union", "label": "Soviet Union", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "poland", "label": "Poland", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "czechoslovakia", "label": "Czechoslovakia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "united-states", "label": "United States", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "nicaragua", "label": "Nicaragua", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "central-america", "label": "Central America", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "new-york-city", "label": "New York City", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "charles-iii-of-spain", "label": "Charles III of Spain", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "british-columbia", "label": "British Columbia", "shared": 1}, {"slug": "yokohama", "label": "Yokohama", "shared": 1}], "items": [{"year": 1749, "year_label": "1749 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 7", "text": "December 7 – Father Junípero Serra begins his missionary work in the New World, 100 days after departing on a voyage from Spain and a day after his arrival at Veracruz in Mexico. During the period from 1769 to 1782, Serra will be the founder of nine missions in the Province of Las Californias, including the sites around which future California cities will be built, including Mission Basilica San Diego de Alcalá in 1769 and Mission San Francisco de Asís in 1776.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1360727483#October–December", "title": "1749", "revid": 1360727483, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1769, "year_label": "1769 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 14", "text": "May 14 – Charles III of Spain sends Spanish missionaries, who found California missions in San Diego, Santa Barbara, San Francisco and Monterey, and begin the settlement of California.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1354215144#April–June", "title": "1769", "revid": 1354215144, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "June 17", "text": "June 17 – Lt. José Joaquín Moraga leads a band of colonists from Monterey Presidio, landing on June 29 and, with Father Francisco Palóu, constructing the Mission San Francisco de Asís (\"Mission Dolores\") of the new Presidio of San Francisco, the oldest surviving building in the modern-day city.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#May–June", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › May–June"}}, {"year": 1776, "year_label": "1776 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "October 9", "text": "October 9 – Father Francisco Palóu founds the Mission San Francisco de Asís, in what becomes San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365773863#September–October", "title": "1776", "revid": 1365773863, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1822, "year_label": "1822 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 22", "text": "August 22 – The English ship Orion lands at Yerba Buena on the North American west coast of Mexico, under the command of William A. Richardson. The area is later acquired by the U.S. and becomes the site of San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367154222#July–September", "title": "1822", "revid": 1367154222, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1847, "year_label": "1847 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "January 30", "text": "January 30 – Yerba Buena, California, is renamed San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362575777#January–March", "title": "1847", "revid": 1362575777, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "February 28", "text": "February 28 – Regular steamboat service from the west to the east coast of the United States begins, with the arrival of the SS California in San Francisco Bay. The California leaves New York Harbor on October 6, 1848, rounds Cape Horn at the tip of South America, and arrives at San Francisco after the 4-month, 21-day journey.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362576929#January–March", "title": "1849", "revid": 1362576929, "section": "Events › January–March"}}, {"year": 1849, "year_label": "1849 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "November", "text": "November – English-born merchant Joshua Norton, the future \"Emperor Norton\", arrives in San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1362576929#October–December", "title": "1849", "revid": 1362576929, "section": "Events › October–December"}}, {"year": 1850, "year_label": "1850 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – San Francisco is incorporated as a city in California.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1365770371#April–June", "title": "1850", "revid": 1365770371, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1855, "year_label": "1855 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "May 3", "text": "May 3 – American adventurer William Walker and a group of armed mercenaries (filibusters) sail from San Francisco in California south to Central America to attempt to conquer Nicaragua.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358982600#April–June", "title": "1855", "revid": 1358982600, "section": "Events › April–June"}}, {"year": 1859, "year_label": "1859 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 17", "text": "September 17 – In San Francisco, Joshua Norton proclaims himself to be His Imperial Majesty Emperor Norton I, Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371179353#July–September", "title": "1859", "revid": 1371179353, "section": "Events › July–September"}}, {"year": 1862, "year_label": "1862 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "March 13", "text": "March 13 – A smallpox epidemic in San Francisco spreads to British Columbia.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1358615004#March", "title": "1862", "revid": 1358615004, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1873, "year_label": "1873 CE", "section": "Health & Medicine", "date": "February 20", "text": "February 20 – The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370305657#February", "title": "1873", "revid": 1370305657, "section": "Events › February"}}, {"year": 1876, "year_label": "1876 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "June 4", "text": "June 4 – The Transcontinental Express arrives in San Francisco via the first transcontinental railroad, 83 hours and 39 minutes after having left New York City.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1363589433#June", "title": "1876", "revid": 1363589433, "section": "Events › June"}}, {"year": 1880, "year_label": "1880 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "August 24", "text": "August 24 – The SS Columbia completes her maiden voyage, arriving without incident in Portland, Oregon, after a stopover in San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371273111#August", "title": "1880", "revid": 1371273111, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1886, "year_label": "1886 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "December 17", "text": "December 17 – English adventurer Thomas Stevens concludes the first circumnavigation by bicycle in Yokohama, having set out on his penny-farthing from San Francisco in 1884.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372679431#December", "title": "1886", "revid": 1372679431, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1889, "year_label": "1889 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "November 23", "text": "November 23 – The first jukebox goes into operation, at the Palais Royale Saloon in San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1367594292#November", "title": "1889", "revid": 1367594292, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1891, "year_label": "1891 CE", "section": "Religion & Belief", "date": "January 12", "text": "January 12 – St. Mary's Cathedral is dedicated in San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369994059#January", "title": "1891", "revid": 1369994059, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "April 13", "text": "April 13 – The British freighter City of York departs from San Francisco with a crew of 27 and a cargo of timber bound for Fremantle, but never reaches its destination, wrecking on the reefs at Rottnest Island.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#April", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1899, "year_label": "1899 CE", "section": "Disasters & Accidents", "date": "July 12", "text": "July 12 – The British freight ship City of York sinks after striking reefs at Rottnest Island, due to a misunderstanding of signal flare fired from the island's lighthouse. The ship, which was nearing the end of a voyage from San Francisco to Fremantle, Western Australia, evacuates its men in two lifeboats, but one of the boats overturns and 11 men, including the captain, drown.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371393177#July", "title": "1899", "revid": 1371393177, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 1908, "year_label": "1908 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "March 23", "text": "March 23 – American diplomat Durham Stevens, an employee of Japan's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is assassinated in San Francisco by two Korean immigrants, unhappy with his recent support for the increasing Japanese presence in Korea.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373410903#March", "title": "1908", "revid": 1373410903, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1911, "year_label": "1911 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 18", "text": "January 18 – Eugene B. Ely lands on the deck of the USS Pennsylvania stationed in San Francisco harbor, the first time an aircraft has landed on a ship.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373497014#January", "title": "1911", "revid": 1373497014, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 1915, "year_label": "1915 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 21", "text": "October 21 – The United Daughters of the Confederacy holds its first annual meeting outside the South, in San Francisco. Historian General Mildred Rutherford addresses the gathering on the \"Historical Sins of Omission & Commission\", of Yankee historians.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373518749#October", "title": "1915", "revid": 1373518749, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1919, "year_label": "1919 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "September 6", "text": "September 6 – The U.S. Army expedition across North America, which started July 7, ends in San Francisco.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373508849#September", "title": "1919", "revid": 1373508849, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1926, "year_label": "1926 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "November 10", "text": "November 10 – In San Francisco, a necrophiliac serial killer named Earle Nelson (dubbed \"Gorilla Man\") kills and then rapes his 9th victim, a boarding house landlady named Mrs. William Edmonds.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373503199#November", "title": "1926", "revid": 1373503199, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1928, "year_label": "1928 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "September 3", "text": "September 3 – Philo Farnsworth demonstrates to the press in San Francisco the world's first working all-electronic television system, employing electronic scanning in both the pickup and display devices.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372527586#September", "title": "1928", "revid": 1372527586, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1933, "year_label": "1933 CE", "section": "Births", "date": "June 22", "text": "June 22 – Dianne Feinstein, American politician, Senator and mayor of San Francisco (d. 2023)", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371108771#June", "title": "1933", "revid": 1371108771, "section": "Births › June"}}, {"year": 1934, "year_label": "1934 CE", "section": "Exploration & Expansion", "date": "October 20", "text": "October 20–November 3 – Charles Kingsford Smith makes the first eastward crossing of the Pacific Ocean, from his native Brisbane, Australia, to San Francisco, in the Lockheed Altair Lady Southern Cross. The November 3 Hawaii–San Francisco leg is the first eastward flight from Hawaii to North America.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372993239#September–October", "title": "1934", "revid": 1372993239, "section": "Events › September–October"}}, {"year": 1944, "year_label": "1944 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 24", "text": "December 24 – The first complete U.S. production of Tchaikovsky's ballet The Nutcracker is presented in San Francisco, choreographed by Willam Christensen. It will become an annual tradition there, and for the next ten years, the San Francisco Ballet will be the only company in the United States performing the complete work.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022611#December", "title": "1944", "revid": 1370022611, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1951, "year_label": "1951 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "September 8", "text": "September 8 – Treaty of San Francisco: In San Francisco, 48 representatives out of 51 attending sign a peace treaty with Japan, formally ending the Pacific War; the delegations of the Soviet Union, Poland and Czechoslovakia do not sign the treaty, instead favoring separate treaties.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1368856437#September", "title": "1951", "revid": 1368856437, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1966, "year_label": "1966 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "August 29", "text": "August 29 – the Beatles end their U.S. tour with a concert at Candlestick Park in San Francisco. It is their last performance as a live touring band.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370246126#August", "title": "1966", "revid": 1370246126, "section": "Events › August"}}, {"year": 1967, "year_label": "1967 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "April 15", "text": "April 15 – Large demonstrations are held against US involvement in the Vietnam War in New York City and San Francisco. The march, organized by the National Mobilization Committee to End the War in Vietnam, from Central Park to the United Nations drew hundreds of thousands of people, including Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., Harry Belafonte, James Bevel, and Dr. Benjamin Spock, who marched and spoke at the event. A simultaneous march in San Francisco is attended by Coretta Scott King.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370160888#April", "title": "1967", "revid": 1370160888, "section": "Events › April"}}, {"year": 1968, "year_label": "1968 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "December 9", "text": "December 9 – Douglas Engelbart publicly demonstrates his pioneering hypertext system, NLS, in San Francisco, together with the computer mouse, at what becomes retrospectively known as \"The Mother of All Demos\".", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371310387#November–December", "title": "1968", "revid": 1371310387, "section": "Events › November–December"}}, {"year": 1969, "year_label": "1969 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "October 11", "text": "October 11 – The Zodiac Killer shoots and kills taxi driver Paul Stine in the Presidio Heights neighborhood of San Francisco; this is the serial killer's last known murder.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1373164180#October", "title": "1969", "revid": 1373164180, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1975, "year_label": "1975 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 22", "text": "September 22 – In San Francisco, Sara Jane Moore tries to assassinate U.S. President Ford, but is foiled by the Secret Service.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1369955775#September", "title": "1975", "revid": 1369955775, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "March 20", "text": "March 20 – Patty Hearst is found guilty of armed robbery of a San Francisco bank in 1974.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#March", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "October 6", "text": "October 6 – In San Francisco, during his second televised debate with Jimmy Carter, U.S. President Gerald Ford incorrectly declares that \"there is no Soviet domination of Eastern Europe\" (there is at the time).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#October", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › October"}}, {"year": 1976, "year_label": "1976 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "September 24", "text": "September 24 – Patty Hearst is sentenced to seven years in prison for her role in the armed robbery of a San Francisco bank in 1974 (an executive clemency order from U.S. President Jimmy Carter will set her free after only 22 months).", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372603253#September", "title": "1976", "revid": 1372603253, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Culture & Society", "date": "November 8", "text": "November 8 – San Francisco elects City Supervisor Harvey Milk, the first openly gay elected official of any large city in the U.S.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#November", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › November"}}, {"year": 1977, "year_label": "1977 CE", "section": "Conflict & Security", "date": "September 4", "text": "September 4 – The Golden Dragon massacre, involving rival Chinatown gangs, takes place in San Francisco, United States. Five are killed.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371657539#September", "title": "1977", "revid": 1371657539, "section": "Events › September"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "December 4", "text": "December 4 – Dianne Feinstein succeeds the murdered George Moscone, to become the first woman mayor of San Francisco; she will remain in office until January 8, 1988.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#December", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › December"}}, {"year": 1978, "year_label": "1978 CE", "section": "Geopolitics & Diplomacy", "date": "March 28", "text": "March 28 – San Francisco's City Council signs the United States's most comprehensive gay rights bill.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370022681#March", "title": "1978", "revid": 1370022681, "section": "Events › March"}}, {"year": 1979, "year_label": "1979 CE", "section": "Crime & Justice", "date": "May 21", "text": "May 21 – Dan White is convicted of manslaughter, rather than murder, for the assassination of San Francisco Mayor George Moscone and Supervisor Harvey Milk, after using what would become known as the \"Twinkie defense\" and persuading a jury that the crime was not premeditated. The maximum sentence is seven years imprisonment, with eligibility for early parole, prompting the \"White Night riots\" in the gay community.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371786119#May", "title": "1979", "revid": 1371786119, "section": "Events › May"}}, {"year": 1991, "year_label": "1991 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 1", "text": "July 1 – In the U.S., telephone services go down in Washington, D.C., Pittsburgh, Los Angeles and San Francisco as a result of a software bug, affecting nearly 12 million customers.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1371487470#July", "title": "1991", "revid": 1371487470, "section": "Events › July"}}, {"year": 2007, "year_label": "2007 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "January 9", "text": "January 9 – Apple CEO Steve Jobs introduces the original iPhone at a Macworld keynote in San Francisco, California; starting the new era of smartphones with this invention. The phone would be released in June.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1370930640#January", "title": "2007", "revid": 1370930640, "section": "Events › January"}}, {"year": 2010, "year_label": "2010 CE", "section": "Technology & Infrastructure", "date": "July 16", "text": "July 16 – First (test) Instagram posts made by co-developers Mike Krieger and Kevin Systrom in San Francisco; the service launches publicly on October 6.", "cite": {"url": "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?oldid=1372829682#July", "title": "2010", "revid": 1372829682, "section": "Events › July"}}]}